835 F.3d 880

Surinder SINGH, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, Attorney General, Respondent.

No. 12-74163

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submission Deferred February 3, 2016

Resubmitted September 1, 2016 * Seattle, Washington

*881Bart Klein, Law Offices of Bart Klein, Seattle, Washington, for Petitioner.

Edward E. Wiggers, Jennifer L. Light-body and Patrick J. Glen, Senior Litigation Counsel; Donald E. Keener, Deputy Director; Benjamin C. Mizer, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Respondent.

Before: ALEX KOZINSKI, DIARMUID F. O’SCANNLAIN, and , RONALD M. GOULD, Circuit Judges.

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

We must decide whether we have jurisdiction over a petition for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals decision remanding to the Immigration Judge solely for voluntary departure proceedings.

I

On May 5, 2009, an Immigration Judge (IJ) denied Indian citizen Surinder Singh’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). The IJ granted Singh voluntary departure with an alternate order of removal to India. Singh appealed the IJ’s decision to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA). On June 22, 2011, the BIA affirmed the denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief, but remanded the case to *882the IJ “to provide all advisals required upon granting voluntary departure.”1 Singh did not file a petition to this court for review of the BIA order within 30 days of the June 2011 decision.

On remand, the IJ gave Singh the required advisals and again granted voluntary departure with an alternate order of removal to India. Singh again appealed the IJ’s decision to the BIA; he did not allege that the IJ had made errors of law or fact on remand. On November 29, 2012, the BIA summarily dismissed Singh’s second appeal, declined to reinstate voluntary departure, and ordered Singh removed to India pursuant to the IJ’s alternate order. On December 20, 2012, Singh timely filed this petition for review.

II

Our jurisdiction to review a deportation decision is limited to a “final order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. §§ 1252(a)(1), (b)(9); Vitoria v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 764, 767 (9th Cir. 2015); Alcala v. Holder, 563 F.3d 1009, 1016 (9th Cir. 2009). A petition for review “must be filed not later than 30 days after the date of the final order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1); Stone v. I.N.S., 514 U.S. 386, 405, 115 S.Ct. 1537, 131 L.Ed.2d 465 (1995). This deadline is “mandatory and jurisdictional.” Magta-nong v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1190, 1191 (9th Cir. 2007) (per curiam). “A mandatory and jurisdictional rule cannot be forfeited or waived, and courts lack the authority to create equitable exceptions to such a rule.” Id. (citation omitted).

A

The text of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) “does not explicitly define the term ‘final order of removal.’ ” Shaboyan v. Holder, 652 F.3d 988, 990 (9th Cir. 2011) (per curiam). However, INA § 101(a)(47), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(47), “does define the term ‘order of deportation’ and establishes when such an order becomes final.” Shaboyan, 652 F.3d at 990; see Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), Pub. L. No. 104-132, § 440, 110 Stat. 1214.2

The INA defines the term “order of deportation” as “the order of the [IJ3] ... concluding that the alien is deportable or ordering deportation.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(47)(A).

The order described under subpara-graph (A) shall become final upon the earlier of—
(i) a determination by the Board of Immigration Appeals affirming such order; or
*883(ii) the expiration of the period in which the alien is permitted to seek review of such order by the Board of Immigration Appeals.

Id. § 1101(a)(47)(B). The statute does not define “affirming such order.”

When the BIA affirms in full the IJ’s order of removal, that decision obviously constitutes “a determination by the [BIA] affirming such order,” and is thus a final order of removal. See Abdisalan v. Holder, 774 F.3d 517, 521 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc). However, when the BIA does not affirm in full, but rather affirms in part and remands, finality is less clear. In such a case, is the BIA “affirming” the IJ’s order of removal? The statutory text does not provide a clear answer.

B

This question is not one of first impression for our court. Under Pinto v. Holder, “the BIA’s decision denying asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection but remanding to the IJ for voluntary departure proceedings is a final order of removal ... and, effectively, the only order that we can review.” 648 F.3d 976, 980 (9th Cir. 2011).4 Because the BIA’s June 2011 decision remanding solely for voluntary departure proceedings is a “final order of removal,” the IJ’s order became unreviewable on July 23, 2011 upon expiration of the 30 day period to petition for review to this court. In light of Pinto and consistent with the Sixth and Tenth Circuits, we must conclude that we lack jurisdiction over Singh’s current petition. See Hih v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 551, 554 (6th Cir. 2016); Batubara v. Holder, 733 F.3d 1040, 1042-43 (10th Cir. 2013).

Under the circumstances, Singh remains subject to immediate removal to India.

DISMISSED.

Singh v. Lynch
835 F.3d 880

Case Details

Name
Singh v. Lynch
Decision Date
Sep 1, 2016
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835 F.3d 880

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