195 Va. 912

Richmond

Henry W. Horn v. Jarvie Horn.

May 3, 1954.

Record No. 4187.

Present, All the Justices.

The opinion states the case.

S. H. & George C. Sutherland, for the appellant.

F. H. Combs, for the appellee.

*913Eggleston, J.,

delivered the opinion of the court.

In June, 1952, on motion of Henry W. Horn, an authenticated copy of the will of Arch Horn which had theretofore been admitted to probate in the Clerk’s Office of the County Court of McDowell county, West Virginia, was admitted to probate in the Clerk’s Office of the Circuit Court of Buchanan county, Virginia, the latter order of probate reciting that the “decedent owned valuable real estate in this county.”

In the following October, Jarvie Horn, acting under Code, § 64-74, and alleging that he was “a person interested,” appealed to the Circuit Court of Buchanan county from the order of the clerk of that court admitting the copy of the will to probate. In pursuance of that section the clerk entered an order allowing such appeal and docketed it as a preferred cause for trial at the next term of court.

On the day of trial the proponent, Henry W. Horn, who had been duly notified of the appeal, appeared by counsel but offered no evidence. Thereupon the court entered an order denying probate of the will and directing that the copy which had been theretofore recorded in the clerk’s office of that court be “expunged from the records.”

Upon evidence adduced by him the court further “adjudged and ordered” that Jarvie Horn was “a bona fide purchaser for value without notice” from the heirs of the decedent, Arch Horn, of certain lands lying in Buchanan county.

Shortly thereafter Henry W. Horn, the proponent of the will, filed a written motion asking the court to set aside its order denying probate and to dismiss the appeal from the clerk’s order of probate, on the ground that no such appeal was authorized by Code, § 64-74. In that motion objection was also made to the terms of the order in so far as it adjudicated the rights of Jarvie Horn in the property in Buchanan county which he had purchased *914from the heirs of the decedent, Arch Horn. From an order overruling the motion to dismiss the appeal and refusing to modify the previous order this appeal has been taken.

The main contention of the appellant proponent, Henry W. Horn, is that an appeal does not lie under Code, § 64-74, from an order of a clerk admitting to probate a copy of a will theretofore probated in another State. Or, to put the matter another way, the appellant says that the provisions of section 64-74, authorizing an appeal from a clerk’s order of probate, apply only to the probate of a domestic will.

Prior to 1904 clerks of courts had no jurisdiction to admit wills to probate in this State. Sections 2533 and 2536 of the Code of 1887 conferred the jurisdiction of' probate of a domestic will and a copy of a foreign will, respectively, upon certain courts of the Commonwealth.

Section 101 of the Constitution of 1902 authorized the General Assembly to confer “upon the clerks of the several circuit courts” jurisdiction to admit wills to probate. As amended in 1928, this section was broadened to authorize the conferring of such jurisdiction “upon the clerks of the several courts having probate jurisdiction.”

In the meantime section 2533 of the Code of 1887 had been amended by Acts of 1902-03-04, ch. 438, p. 673, to confer probate jurisdiction upon the clerks of certain courts. As further amended, this section is now section 64-72 of the Code of 1950.

By Acts of 1902-03-04, ch. 255, p. 386, clerks of the circuit courts were given the authority, among other powers, to “admit wills to probate,” with an appeal of right to “any person interested” to the court whose clerk had entered the order of probate. This act directed that the clerk keep an order book in which should be entered all orders made by him respecting such matters, and specified how and when an appeal might be taken from such clerk’s order of *915probate. As further amended, this act was carried into sections 64-73 and 64-74 of the Code of 1950.

Section 2536 of the Code of 1887, providing for the probate of a copy of a foreign will, was amended by Acts 1906, ch. 69, p. 62, to extend the jurisdiction of probate to “the court or the clerk.” As amended, this is now section 64-88 of the Code of 1950.

The question which is here presented involves the correct interpretation of sections 64-72, 64-73, 64-74, and 64-88, which are copied in the margin.1

It will be observed that section 64-72 confers jurisdiction of probate upon certain courts, their clerks and deputy clerks, and fixes the venue of probate.

*916Section 64-73, in addition to conferring upon clerks and their deputies the authority to “admit wills to probate,” directs that, “Such clerk shall keep an order book, in which shall be entered all orders made by him, or his deputy, respecting the subjects aforesaid.”

Section 64-74 gives “Any person interested” an appeal of right from the clerk’s or deputy clerk’s order of probate “to the court whose clerk, or deputy, has made the order,” and specifies when and how the appeal shall be perfected and when and how the “cause” shall be heard and determined by the court.

*917Section 64-88 confers upon “the court or the clerk” jurisdiction to admit to probate “an authenticated copy” of a will “relative to an estate within this State” which has been “proved” in a foreign jurisdiction. It will be noted that this section does not fix the venue for the entry of the order of probate, and accordingly, such venue is governed by Code, § 64-72. For example, in the present case, the order of the clerk of the Circuit Court of Buchanan county admitting the will to probate based its venue upon the recital that the decedent “owned valuable real estate in this county.”

Section 64-88 carries no directions to the clerk or his deputy for the keeping of an order book and the entry therein of the order of probate of a foreign will. Hence, we look to Code, .§ 64-73, for such directions.

Similarly, while section 64-88 carries no provision for an appeal from the clerk’s order of probate, we look to section 64-74 which gives the right of appeal from “such an order.” The words “such an order,” we think, include any order entered by the clerk or his deputy in the performance of the duties authorized by section 64-73, and in the manner therein directed, whether it relates to the probate of a domestic will under the authority of that section, or to the copy of a foreign will under the authority of section 64-88.

Thus, when sections 64-72, 64-73, 64-74 and 64-88 are read together they embrace a comprehensive plan conferring jurisdiction for the probate of wills upon the courts, their clerks, and their deputy clerks, fixing the venue of probate, and, where the order of probate has been entered by the clerk or a deputy, giving an appeal of right to the court whose clerk or deputy entered the order, and specifying when and how such appeal shall be taken and disposed of.

We are of opinion that the motion to dismiss the appeal from the clerk’s order of probate was properly denied.

In terms, section 64-74 provides that on an appeal from a clerk’s order of probate the court “shall hear and *918determine the matter as though it had been presented to the court in the first instance,” that is, the cause shall be heard de novo. Since the appellant proponent offered no evidence as to the validity of the execution of the will, the trial court properly denied probate of it and directed that the recorded copy be expunged from the records.

We have many times pointed out that in a probate proceeding the sole issue is whether the paper offered for probate is or is not the will of the decedent. When this question is decided the function of the proceeding is exhausted, _ and the court should not decide other questions not connected with that issue. 20 Mich. Jur., Wills, § 59, p. 215, and cases there cited. Consequently, the lower court was without jurisdiction to adjudicate and determine, as it purported to do in the order entered on February 10, 1953, that Jarvie Horn, the appellee, was a bona fide purchaser for value without notice from the heirs of the decedent, Arch Horn, of certain lands lying in Buchanan county.

An order will be here entered modifying the order of that date by eliminating such adjudication, and as so modified, the order appealed from will be affirmed. The appellee having substantially prevailed on this appeal will recover his costs.

Modified and affirmed.

Horn v. Horn
195 Va. 912

Case Details

Name
Horn v. Horn
Decision Date
May 3, 1954
Citations

195 Va. 912

Jurisdiction
Virginia

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