This case was brought here by writ of error, sued out by the Farmers Loan and Trust Company of New York, one of the defendants, on the twenty-ninth day of August, 1893, whose counsel state the case, as follows:
“The defendant, the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Company, was incorporated under the laws of *593the State of Missouri, on March 26th, 1888, % the purpose of building a railroad from a point on the bank of the Mississippi river in St. Charles county, opposite the city of Alton,- in the State of Illinois, through the counties of St. Charles and St. Louis to the city of St. Louis, and of securing such lines of railroad as would constitute a line over which it might do business through the various counties of Missouri, between its terminus in St. Charles county to the city of Kansas City in Jackson county, Missouri.
“On June 1st, 1887, the Central Missouri Railroad Company, a corporation organized under the laws of Missouri for the purpose of constructing a railroad from a point opposite .the city of Alton in the State of Illinois, through various counties in the State' of Missouri, to the city of Kansas City, in Jackson county, Missouri, conveyed all its property and franchises then owned or thereafter to be acquired, to the Farmers Loan and Trust Company, to secure its eight hundred thousand dollars of bonds.
“On March 28th, 1888, the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Company purchased of the Central Missouri Railway Company, all that portion of the railway of the last named company constructed and to be constructed, beginning at Kansas City and running eastwardly through various counties in the State of Missouri to the city of Alton, Illinois, together with all the real estate and other property of the Central Missouri, consisting or connected with any part of said portion of its railroad in the various counties of Missouri through which the route of its railroad ran.
“Of the bonds secured by the deed of trust of the Central Missouri Railway Company to the Farmers Loan and Trust Company, only two hundred and fifty were ever issued.
“On July 30th, 1889, plaintiffs brought suit in St. Charles county against the defendant, the Cleveland, St. *594Louis aud Kansas City Railway .Company, for work and labor performed and materials furnished in construction of part of the defendant’s railroad in St. Charles county, under a contract with William Baird and Company, original contractors, and sought to establish a paramount lien therefor against the roadbed, bridges, culverts, station houses, depots, real estate, rolling stock and improvements of the company, from a point on the Mississippi river opposite Alton, to Kansas City, under article IV, chapter 47, of the Revised Statutes of 1879, now article IV, chapter 102, of the Revised Statutes of 1889. The Farmers Loan and Trust Co., mortgagee of the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Co., the Central Trust Company, junior mortgagee of the defendant railroad, and the Holland Trust Company, mortgagee of its bridges, were made defendants, but the original contractors were not made parties.
“It is alleged in plaintiffs’ petition that that part of the railroad between the city of St. Charles and the town of Hamburg, both in St. Charles county, a distance of about twenty miles, is completed, and trains running thereon; that the railroad is graded east from St. Charles to a point on the west bank of the Mississippi river opposite Alton; that the railroad is graded from Hamburg, to a point in Warren county about thirty miles west of Hamburg; that the projected line. extends and is intended to be constructed, through Warren and the various counties west thereof to Kansas City; that the company is the owner of a projected railroad from the point opposite Alton to the city of St. Louis, and that the said company is the owner of real estate and improvements in said counties through which said projected lines are to run.
“On March 22d, 1890, upon a trial of the cause, a jury being waived, the court assessed damages, in behalf of plaintiffs for the sum of eighty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty-five dollars and seventy-six cents, and further found *595the same to be a first and paramount lien upon the property mentioned in the petition, and ordered, adjudged and decreed that the plaintiffs’ lien therefor be enforced and that the damages aforesaid, together with the costs of suit, be levied out of the property mentioned in the petition, and on March 28th, 1890, execution was issued uponsaid judgment directing the sheriff of St. Charles county to seize, levy upon and expose to sale, at the courthouse door in St. Oharles, Missouri, during the session of the circuit court of St. Charles county, Missouri, on Saturday, May 10th, 1890, the roadbed, depots, bridges, station houses, rolling stock, real estate and improvements of the defendant railway company, within the State of Missouri, including that acquired from the Central Missouri Railway Company, and to have the same before said court on the first Monday of September, 1890, to render to said plaintiffs their damages, interest and costs and certify how said writ was executed.
“On May 8th, 1890, this defendant and others filed their application and motion as creditors of the defendant railway company to recall the execution and for the appointment of a receiver. This application and motion was, on May 10th, 1890, denied and overruled by the court.
“The return of the sheriff shows that he levied upon the property described in the execution and sold the same at the courthouse door in the city of St. Charles, Missouri, during the session of the circuit court of St. Charles county, to James H. Bethune for $142,700.
“On the day of the return, the defendant, the Farmers Loan and Trust Company, filed its motion amended September 6, 1890, to set aside the sale and to quash the execution, the levy thereunder and the return thereof, on the grounds that the real estate and other property seized under' the execution lies in the counties of St. Charles, St. Louis, Warren, Montgomery, Callaway, Boone, Howard, Cooper, Saline, LaFayette, Johnson and Jackson, and that the sheriff *596of St. Charles county has no warrant or authority in law to sell real estate and other property, lying, situate and being in . other counties of the State of Missouri than the county of St. Charles, nor had he authority or warrant of law to levy upon the same.
“This motion the court overruled, and the motion of defendant, The Farmers Loan and Trust Company, to set aside the judgment and order of the court overruling the motion to set aside the sale and quash the levy and return, and to grant this defendant a rehearing having been overruled, this defendant brought the case here by writ of error.”
While this statement is substantially correct and satisfactory as far as it goes, it may be well to supplement it as follows: The decree of March 22, 1890, omitting the finding is as follows:
“It is therefore considered, ordered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the plaintiffs’ lien be enforced, and that the plaintiffs have and recover the -sum of eighty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty-five and seventy-six one-hundredths dollars ($88,535.16), being the damages heretofore assessed, together with interest from this date at the rate of six per cent per annum, and the costs of this suit, same to be levied out of the property heretofore charged with a lien and now adjudged and decreed to be a first and paramount lien upon said property, which said property is described as follows, to wit: The roadbed, depots, bridges, station houses, rolling stock, real estate and improvements of the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Company, within the State of Missouri, including therein all of the roadbed, bridges, depots, station houses, rolling stock, real estate and improvements on that portion of the road acquired by the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Company of the Central Missouri Railway Company under the contract of sale executed by and between said companies *597on March 28th, 1888, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Missouri on March 31, 1888, which said railroad as constructed and in process of construction and to be constructed begins at Kansas City, Missouri, and runs eastward, crossing the Missouri river at Arrow Rock, to a point in the county of St. Charles, Mo., opposite Alton, Illinois, and to the city of St. Louis, Mo., passing through the counties of Jackson, Johnson, LaEayette', Saline, Cooper, Howard, Poone, Callaway, Montgomery, Warren and St. Charles, and also through the county of St. Louis and city of St. Louis, Mo. It is further ordered that a special execution. issue upon this judgment and in conformity therewith.”
Afterwards on the twenty-seventh of March, 1890, execution thereon was ordered as follows:
“On motion of plaintiffs, it is ordered by the court that the sheriff of St. Charles county, Missouri, proceed to seme and levy upon and advertise said property in said decree and hereinafter described, for sale, and that he expose the same for sale for the satisfaction of said lienonthe 10thdayofMay, 1890, during the session of the circuit court of St. Charles county, Missouri, at the courthouse door in St. Charles, Missouri.”
The mandate of the execution, following a recital of the judgment, is as follows: “These are therefore to command you, that of the property in said decree and hereinafter described and charged with a lien by said decree of judgment, as follows, to wit: the roadbed, depots, bridges, station houses, rolling stock, real estate and improvements of the Cleveland, St. Louis, and Kansas City Railway Company within the State of Missouri, including therein all of the roadbed, bridges, depots, station houses, rolling stock, real estate and improvements on that portion of the road acquired by the Cleveland, St. Louis and Kansas City Railway Company of the Central Missouri Railway Company under the contract of sale executed by and between said companies *598on March 28th, 1888, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Missouri on March 31, 1888, which said railroad as constructed, to be constructed and in process of construction, begins at Kansas City, Missouri, and runs eastward, crossing the Missouri river at or near Arrow Rock, Mo., to a point in the county of St. Charles, Missouri, opposite Alton, Illinois, and to the city of St. Louis, Missouri, passing through the counties of Jackson, Johnson, LaEayette, Saline, Cooper, Howard, Boone, Callaway, Montgomery, Warren and St. Charles, and also through the county of St. Louis and city of St. Louis, Missouri, and that you cause to be made the damages, interest and costs aforesaid, by seizing and levying upon said property and exposing the same for sale, at the courthouse door, in St. Charles, Missouri, and during the session of the circuit court of St. Charles county, Missouri, on Saturday, May 10th, 1890, and that you have the same before our said court, on the first Monday in September, 1890, to render to said plaintiffs the said damages, interest and costs, and that you certify to our said court how you execute this writ. Hereof fail not, and have you then and there this writ.”
The return of the sheriff shows that the sale was made in conformity with the execution, and that twenty days’ notice had been previously given of the time, place of sale, and of the property to be sold by advertisement in a newspaper printed in each of the counties of St. Charles, Jackson, Johnson, LaEayette,.Saline, Cooper, Howard, Boone, Callaway, Montgomery, Warren and St. Louis, and in one printed in the city of St. Louis. It glsO' appears from the record that on the 12th day of June, 1890, John E. Schneider, sheriff of'St. Charles county, acknoAvledged the execution of a deed by him to James H. Bethune to the Cleveland, St. Louis aud Kansas City railway and appurtenances, and that on the same day a motion for a rule on the sheriff to pay out of the proceeds of the sale certain lien *599judgments rendered in the United States Circuit Court for the Eastern Division of the Eastern Judicial District of Missouri, was overruled.
(1) The act giving a lien on railroads to contractors, materialmen and laborers, for work done and materials furnished in the construction thereof, was first enacted March 21st, 1873 [Sess. Acts 1873, p. 58], and since has continued in force through the Revisions of 1879 and 1889 without material change. [R. S. 1879, Chap. 47, Art. IV, R. S. 1889, Chap. 102, Art. IV.] The original title of the act was “An Act to protect contractors, subcontractors and laborers in their claims against railroad companies or corporations, contractors or subcontractors.”
Prior to its passage the only special protection that any of those parties had by law, was a statute giving to a laborer a right of action against a railroad company for thirty days’wages due from the contractor [G. S. 1865, Chap. 63, Sec. 10], and the general mechanic’s lien law. The right given by the former extended only t'o ordinary day laborers [Groves v. Railroad, 57 Mo. 304; Mooney v. Railroad, 28 Mo. 570], and the right given by the latter was a lien only on the building, erection or improvements on or for which the work was done, or the materials furnished, and upon the land on which the same was situated to the extent of one acre, or to the extent of a lot, if in a town, city, or village. [G. S. 1865, Chap. 195.] As the enforcement of such a lien against a railroad, by execution and sale of such part thereof as was in terms subject to the lien, would have the effect of disintegrating the property and thereby destroying its usefulness as a public highway, it had been held on grounds of public policy, that no lien could be enforced under that law for work done, or materials furnished for the construction of a railroad. [Dunn v. Railroad, 24 Mo. 493; McPheeters v. Merimec Bridge Co., 28 Mo. 465; Schulenberg v. Railroad, 67 Mo. 442.] It had also been *600held, that the franchise of a corporation could not be sold under a general execution upon a personal judgment. [Stewart v. Jones, 40 Mo. 141.]
It was in view of this condition of the law on the subject that the statute under consideration was enacted, providing that “AH persons who shall do any work or labor in constructing or improving the roadbed, rolling stock, station housés, depots,' bridges or culverts of any railroad company, incorporated under the laws of this State, or owning or operating a railroad within this State, and all persons who shall furnish ties, fuel, bridges or material to such railroad company, shall have for the work done and labor performed, and for the materials furnished, a lien upon the roadbed, station houses, depots, bridges, rolling stock, real estate and improvements of such railroad upon complying with the provisions hereinafter mentioned.” The lien given was made paramount to all mortgages or incumbrances placed upon the property subsequent to the passage of the act. In order to secure it, persons claiming the benefit thereof, were required within ninety days after the completion of the work or after the materials were furnished, to file “in the office of the circuit clerk' of any county through which said railruad is located” a just and true account thereof, with the name of the contractor, and “of the railroad against which said lien was intended to apply,” and within the same time serve a copy of such account upon the company, and the clerk was thereupon required to indorse upon every such account‘the date of its filing, and make an abstract thereof in a book by him kept for that purpose. It was then made the duty “of circuit clerks in whose office such accounts and liens may be filed, within five days thereafter, to forward to the Secretary of State a true copy of said accounts and liens and judgments rendered thereon by the circuit courts in which the case has been tried,” and of the Secretary of State “to file in his office such accounts and liens when *601received, and to prepare and keep in Ms office a book in wbicb shall be entered an abstract of all accounts and liens filed as aforesaid, which abstract shall be so arranged and indexed as to show, in a convenient form, the names of all parties claiming liens, the amount claimed by each, the railroad to which the same applies, the date of filing, and if discharged, when the same was done.”
In order to enforce this lien the law requires that action thereon shall be commenced within ninety days; “that the person or corporation owning or operating the railroad to which said liens may apply shall, in each instance, be made a party defendant,” and that the contractor for whom the work was done or the materials furnished need not be made a party defendant, but may be so made at the option of the lienor. It then provides that such actions shall be prosecuted to final judgment as in ordinary civil actions, but that “no personal judgment shall be rendered thereon except as against such defendants as might he sued thereon in an ordinary action at law.” That the judgment “if for the plaintiff shall be that he recover the amount of the indebtedness found to be due and costs of suit, to be levied out of the property charged with the lien therefor.” That the execution “shall be a special fieri facias” in conformity with the judgment, returnable “as in ordinary executions, and the advertisement, sale and conveyance of real estate under the same shall be made as under ordinary executions,” and that “in all cases where judgments have been rendered and a sale has been ordered, and the property sold to which said liens attach, the proceeds arising from such sale, if not sufficient to discharge all the liens on which judgments have been rendered before such sale shall be made, shall be isdbtrruted_£w rata upon such judgments as if the filing of said liens had been all of the same date; and when such judgments have been by such sales or otherwise wholly or partially paid and satisfied, the clerks shall enter *602upon the records the amount or amounts so paid, with a correct description of the real property sold, and within the time and in like manner certify the same to the Secretary of State, as heretofore provided.”
The record brought here by the writ of error in this case, shows a substantial compliance with all the requirements of the statute of which the foregoing is a summary. The sufficiency of the pleadings and the evidence was not questioned in the court below. No exceptions were taken to any action or ruling of the court on the trial. No motion for a new trial or in arrest of judgment was afterwards made, and no exception was taken to the action of the court in overruling the motion to recall the execution and appoint a receiver on the 10th of May, 1890, and more than three years had elapsed after all these proceedings were had, before the writ of error was sued out. So that, the only thing before us for review herein, is the action of the court on the 13th of September, 1890, overruling the motion to set aside the sale and quash the execution and levy, under which it was made, to which ruling exception was duly taken and saved. While the only ground predicated in the motion for its support was that the sheriff of St. Charles county had no warrant or authority of law to levy upon or sell the property not wholly situate in that county, it is now here urged that the motion ought to have been sustained, not only for that, but for the following additional reasons, viz.: Because there was no personal judgment against the railway company, the property was not sufficiently described in the judgment, and the judgment included property not subject to the lien, i. e., the right of way and the franchise of the company.
(2) Without stopping to consider the question whether the plaintiff in error is in a position to urge any ground in support óf its motion other than that therein assigned, it seems to us that in a proper consideration of the text of the statute, its nature and purposes will be found a ready answer *603to all these objections and a vindication of the action of the trial court in overruling the motion. In fact the attack made by counsel for the plaintiff in error, in the main, is rather upon the law itself, than upon this proceeding under the law, and in making it, they seem to lose sight of the fact that the single purpose of its enactment was to protect the persons whose labor and material had been expended in constructing a certain thing, by giving them a paramount lien on that thing and a simple and speedy process for its enforcement by action against that thing. To this action incumbrancers are not necessary parties, and their protection is not within the scope and purpose of the act. By discharging the lien they can always bring themselves within the ample folds of a court of equity, and secure such protection as they may be entitled to, but no place is made for them in this proceeding, and until this paramount lien is discharged by them, they are in no position to invoke the aid of a court of equity.
In contemplation of this statute the thing upon which the lien is given is a unit, made up of “a roadbed, station houses, depots, bridges, rolling stock, real estate and improvements,” im, situ, located within the limits of the State and denominated a railroad, whatever the stage of its construction, the length of its route, or the number of counties through which it is located. This is apparent upon the face of the statute, and has in effect been so held by this court. [Knapp v. Railroad, 74 Mo. 374; St. Louis Bridge & Construction Co. v. Railroad, 72 Mo. 664; Cranston v. Union Trust Co., 75 Mo. 29; Ireland v. Railroad, 79 Mo. 572.] As the right of way is one of the inherent and necessary constituents of a railroad, and within the terms of the statutory description of those constituents, the lien included-the right of way, and that objection is answered.
(3) The action given for the enforcement of the lien is so purely rwre that the contractor who incurs the liability *604for the work done and materials furnished is not a necessary party defendant to the action, and while the railroad company is a necessary defendant to the suit, it is not liable to a personal judgment therein, unless it could “be sued thereon in an ordinary action at law.” And as the defendant in this instance could not be so sued, the objection to the form of the judgment is answered.
(4) The statute requires that the particular property to which the lien is to apply is to be described by the name of the railroad. This is the property against which judgment is to be rendered, and execution is to issue, and a' description of it therein by that name is sufficient, and this is a sufficient answer to the objection on that score.
(5) This statute does not undertake to give a lien upon the company’s franchise, and in this case no attempt was made to charge the lien upon the franchise. It was neither levied upon nor sold. The judgment, execution, levy and sale was confined to the visible, physical, tangible property of the company, made subject to the lien by the statute, i. e. its railroad, nothing more and nothing less. "Whatever rights inhered in that property and those only, went with the sale, and with them went also whatever burdens were imposed upon the property by law. The determination and adjustment of those rights and burdens were not contemplated or provided for in the proceeding under this statute; and for the protection of any right the plaintiff in error may have by reason of its relation to the company, its franchise, or its tangible property, a remedy for its protection and enforcement must be sought in some proceeding outside of this statute. The fact that the legislature did not provide- for a lien and its enforcement against the franchise of the company, affords no ground for a refusal to enfoi’ce the lien against the tangible property on which it did impose a lien, and for the enforcement of which, against that property, it did provide. That the legislature *605had power to subject the franchise as well as the tangible property to the lien is beyond question, but as it saw proper to impose the lien upon the latter only — against it only, must the lien be enforced, and the consequential rights flowing therefrom must be declared in some proceeding other than this, in which the discussion of those rights has no place.
(6) The only remaining ground for quashing the execution and setting aside the sale, is that originally assigned in the motion in the lower court, which in substance is that the sheriff of St. Charles county had no authority to sell the railroad as a whole, because a part of it was not within the limits of that county. This contention is based upon that provision of the act which requires that the “writ shall be returnable as in ordinary executions, and the advertisement, sale and conveyance of real estate under the same shall be made as under ordinary execution.” R. S. 1889, sec. 6753, and the general provision referred to which is as follows: “When real estate shall be taken in execution by any officer, it shall be his duty to expose the same to sale at the courthouse door, on some day during the term of the circuit court of the county where the same is situated, having previously given twenty days’ notice of the time and place of sale, and what real estate is to be sold and where situated, by advertisement in some newspaper printed in the county.” TR- S. 1889, sec. 4941.]
This contention is no more tenable than the others. The sheriff in making sale under the special fieri facias authorized by this act derives his authority from and executes the power given to the circuit court by the act, and not by A’irtue of his power as sheriff under the general law. The power is given by the former, the manner of its exercise is governed by the latter, and should be conformed to as nearly as possible, as was done in this case, but it does not follow because the mode prescribed can not be literally followed, in every particular, that the power is paralyzed and the *606whole purpose of the law defeated. Under such circumstances the letter of the law must give way to its spirit and intention, the method must be subordinated to the purpose, and the situation is relieved by the application of the familiar rules that “where a general act is incorporated into a special one, the provisions of the latter will prevail over any of the former” and that “an act adopting another act by reference does not adopt it beyond the purposes of the new act.” [Endlich on Int. Stat., sees. 233 and 101.]
The circuit court committed no error in overruling the motion to set aside the sale and quash the execution, and its action in so doing is affirmed.
All concur.