The opinion of the court was delivered by
Appellant purchased certain personal property with which he fitted up a yard for the manufacture of brick. After the same was thus fitted up he put one E. L. Clark in possession thereof, and at the same time entered into an agreement with him that upon the performance of certain conditions on his part he, the appellant, would turn overall the machinery and other articles of personal property in said yard to said Clark. At the same time, and as a part of the same transaction, said Clark executed and delivered to said appellant a bill of sale in due form of said property. Said bill of sale was placed upon record in the auditor’s office of the county in which the property was situated. Said Clark failed to perform any of the conditions of such contract on his part. While he was in possession thereof such property was attached as the property of said Clark, and the sole question presented by the record in this case and argued by counsel is as to where the title of said property must be held to be, as between said appellant and said attaching creditor. That the contract executed at the time said Clark was placed in possession of the property did not transfer the title thereof to *700him seems clear from its terms, and in fact we do not understand that the contrary position is contended for by respondent. The clear intention of the parties to such contract seems to have been not to transfer thereby the property but simply to provide that the said Clark should have the right to use the same, and upon the performance of certain conditions therein named should have the right to demand of the appellant that title thereto be conveyed to him. Did the giving of the bill of sale contemporaneously with the execution of said contract so change its construction and effect as to warrant the contention that title was thereby passed ? There is much plausibility in the argument that such was its effect, as it would seem useless for said Clark to attempt to convey to the said appellant the title to the property in question if in fact the title had never passed from the appellant to him. It is the duty of courts, however, to so construe all contracts as to give effect to the evident intention of the parties as expressed therein, and thus construing the contract in question, together with the bill of sale above referred to, all as a single transaction, we think it should be held that the title to said property did not any time pass from appellant. As has already been seen, the contract construed alone clearly shows such to have been the intention, and such being the effect of such contract the parties must be presumed to have so understood it at the time of its execution. At that time then they both knew that the title was still in the appellant, and that for that reason the execution of a bill of sale for the purpose of vesting such title in him was entirely unnecessary. It is more reasonable to suppose that the reason for the execution of the said bill of sale was as alleged in the complaint, to give notice to everyone as to where the title of the property was. This would be entirely consistent with the claim that under the contract title had never passed. For while it is true that under *701these circumstances -the bill of sale would be entirely unnecessary as between the parties, yet its execution and recording would tend to inform the public as to .the state of the title, and thus prevent said Clark from making any improper use of his possession of said property as a basis of credit. Giving effect to the evident intention of the parties, then, the title must be held to have been in the appellant at the time it was levied upon by the creditor of said Clark.
But it is said that the action of said appellant in taking and recording said bill of sale had the effect of misleading those from whom said Clark should seek credit, and that appellant was therefore estopped from now asserting title by virtue of the contract above referred to. "We cannot give such force to the transaction. The bill of sale purported to convey the absolute title to said appellant, and it is only by asserting its illegality upon some technical rule as to its execution that it can be deprived of that effect. By receiving and recording it, appellant asserted that the title to the property was in him, and it does not now lie in the mouth of said Clark, or any of his creditors, to assert that such bill of sale is ineffectual for the purposes for which it was executed, and at the same time claim that its execution and acceptance estop the appellant from asserting a title which he had independent of such execution and of the rights derived under the bill of sale so executed. In our opinion, the complaint stated a cause of action, and the demurrer thereto should have been overruled.
The judgment must be reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
Anders, C. J., and Stiles and Scott, JJ., concur.