This is an action upon a promissory note, of which the following is a copy:
$15,000.00. New York, January 16, 1878.
Two years after date, we promise to pay to the order of Mrs. Laura Stevens fifteen thousand dollars, with interest at rate of seven per cent, per annum. Value received.
W. B. Hunter & Co.
No. 804. Due-.
The persons composing the copartnership firm of W. B. Hunter & Co. at the time of the execution of the note were Hunter, Robb, Wykes, and Stevens. Wykes retired from the firm in 1879, and Steven retired in 1880. Each relinquished his interest in the partnership business and assets upon an agreement of the remaining partners that- they would assume and pay all the debts and discharge all the liabilities of the firm. Hunter died in 1888, and the plaintiff, with the assent of Robb, Wykes, and Stevens, released Hunter’s personal representatives from all liability upon this note in suit. Robb died in J uly, and this action is brought against the defendant, as the personal representative of Robb. The claim of the plaintiff upon the note was presented to the defendant, as such executor, and rejected. One of the defenses set up against the note is the statute of limitation; and to meet that defense the plaintiff proved, upon testimony that remained undisputed, that Robb made payments on account of the interest upon this note every year between J uly, 1880, and J uly, 1892. The note matured January 19, 1880, and none of the payments after that date were as large as the sum due for interest when they were made. The cause was tried before a judge without a jury, and he found the foregoing facts, and decided the case in favor of the plaintiff. The defendant has appealed from the judgment entered upon such decision.
It is to be observed, in justification of the action against the de fendant, that his testator, Robb, at the time, of his death, was the sole surviving partner of the firm of W. B. Hunter & Go. By *467his transactions with his co-partners, and his consent to the release of the personal representatives of Hunter, he became the principal debtor upon the note.' It is true that Wykes and Stevens remained yet liable to the plaintiff upon the note, but their liability was that of surety for Robb. Savage v. Putnam, 32 N. Y. 501. The relation between Robb and the other two imposed upon him an obligation of indemnity, and, under such circumstances, it was the clear right of the plaintiff to look to his estate for the payment of her note. In fact, it was within the power of Wykes and Stevens to compel the plaintiff to treat Robb as the principal debtor. Menke v. Gerbracht, 75 Hun, 181; 57 St. Rep. 839: Colgrove v. Tallman, 67 N. Y. 95 ; In re Dawson, 59 Hun, 242; 36 St. Rep. 311. If the severe rule of the common law would discharge the estate of Robb, by reason of his death, from the joint liability imposed upon him by this note, equity will perpetuate his liability. Barnes v. Seligman, 55 Hun, 394; 29 St. Rep. 68; Barnes v. Brown, 130 N. Y. 372; 42 St. Rep. 536. It must be remembered that this action is upon a joint obligation, and the makers of the note were joint contractors, and became joint debtors. The rule of law laid down in above cases and others is therefore applicable. Moreover, the defendant’s testator had not only become the principal debtor of the plaintiff, but he had, by his voluntary action, relinquished allclaim against Wykes and Stevens, and the estate of Hunter, also. When Wykes and Stevens retired from the firm, Hunter and Robb remained, and assumed the payment of all the liabilities. Then the two latter became liable, to pay the note of the plaintiff, and when Hunter’s estate was released by the plaintiff, with the assent of the other three, Robb became solely liable for the payment of the note of the plaintiff, without any right of' contribution against the other makers. From this peculiar state, of' facts, therefore, the result is that the rule" which provides that the estate of a deceased partner cannot be subjected to the payment of partnership debts until after the remedies against surviving- partners shall have been exhausted is inapplicable to this case.
It remains now to determine the legal effect of the payments of interest upon the note by the testator of the defendant. Without such payments, the remedy upon the note would have been barred by the statute of limitations. As we have already observed, payments on account of interest were made by Robb at differenttimes down to 1892; and the testimony brings the case fairly within the recent rule laid down by the court of appeals in the case of Crow v. Gleason, 141 N. Y. 489; 57 St. Rep. 583. The payments were made for interest upon the note in suit with the full knowledge that they were to be- so applied; and under circumstances which manifest a full recognition of the note as an outstanding unpaid obligation. The legal effect of a payment of principal or interest is unchanged by the Code of Civil Procedure, and it operates as an acknowledgment of the continued existence of the demand. It is not, of itself, either a promise or a contract; but it is a deliberate act,, which constitutes a. clear recognition of the existence and validity of the demand; from which a promise to pay the same *468may be implied. It is an admission that there is a subsisting debt, which the debtor is willing to pay. Shoemaker v. Benedict, 11 N. Y. 185. The case of Van Keuren v. Parmelee, 2 N. Y. 523, has no application to this case, because here the payments were made by the person whose personal representative is sought to be charged. The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur.