This is an action to enforce against the estate of Henry B. Vogelsang, deceased, a claim founded upon two promissory notes; one note being for $2158.65, with interest, upon which it is alleged that nothing has been paid, and the other being for *186$1300 on which a credit of $1000 appears, leaving a balance of $300, and interest, claimed to be dne thereon.
The probate court allowed the claim against the estate, and the defendant executor appealed to the circuit court, where, upon a trial de novo, the court, at-the close of plaintiff’s case, peremptorily directed a verdict for defendant upon the ground that plaintiff’s claim had not been presented to the executor within the time allowed by law but was barred by the special Statute of Limitations, to-wit, section 191, Revised Statutes 1909, as amended in 1911. [See Laws 1911, p. 81.] The jury returned a verdict for -defendant in accordance with the peremptory instruction; and from a judgment entered accordingly, plaintiff prosecutes the appeal before us. -
The record discloses that Henry B. Vogelsang died on May 20, 1912; that on August 29, 1912, letters testamentary upon his estate were granted to the defendant executor, and that, within ten days thereafter, to-w;it, on September 7, 1912, the executor began publication of 'the notice to creditors hereinafter referred to, which notice was published once a week for four consecutive weeks, the last publication' being on September 28, 1912. Notice of plaintiff’s demand was served on the defendant executor on September 25, 1913. At the trial in the circuit court plaintiff’s counsel stated that these facts were admitted by the parties; and that it was further admitted that a certain “publication affidavit of one Gf. S. Pollard of the St. Louis Times is a correct statement of the publication to creditors on the part of said executor and is marked as defendant’s Exhibit A.” This affidavit, in which appears a copy of the notice to creditors, was thereupon admitted in evidence. The notice thus shown to have been published by the defendant as such executor is as follows:
“Notice is hereby given that letters testamentary on the estate of Henry B. Vogelsang, deceased, were *187granted to the undersigned by the probate court of the city of St. Louis, on the 29th day of August, 1912.
“All persons having claims against said estate are required to exhibit the same to the undersigned for allowance, within six months after the date of said letters, or they may be precluded from any benefit of said estate, and if such claims be not exhibited within one year from the date of the last insertion of this publication, they shall be forever barred.”
When these facts had thus come into the ease by way of admissions, defendant’s counsel objected to the introduction of any further evidence on the ground that the facts so disclosed showed “that neither of the claims were presented within the required time and that they are barred by the statute.” A colloquy between court and counsel then ensued; and plaintiff’s counsel attempted to withdraw his “admission” because of the alleged failure of defendant’s counsel to abide by an oral agreement said to have been entered into by counsel. The court ultimately overruled defendant’s objection; and plaintiff adduced proof going to show that the notes were valid obligations of the deceased, and that the respective amounts claimed were due and payable thereon.
At the close of plaintiff’s case the court, at defendant’s request, gave the peremptory instruction above mentioned, indorsing thereon the following notation, viz: “Given upon the ground that plaintiff’s claim is barred by the special Statute of Limitations, section 191, Revised Statutes 1909, as amended March 13, 1911.”
From what we have said above it will be seen that the trial court proceeded upon the theory that, since the defendant executor, in compliance with the law, began the publication of the notice to creditors within ten days after the issuance of the letters, the one year period of limitation provided by the statute, as amended in 1911, began to run from the date of the issuance of such letters, to-wit, August 29, 1912; and as plaintiff *188did not serve the defendant with notice of its claim until September 25, 1913, the demand was barred by the statute.. Plaintiff, appellant here, contends, on the other hand, that under the statute, as amended, when correctly interpreted and ^applied to the facts of this case, the one year period of limitation did not begin to run until the date of the last insertion of the publication of the notice aforesaid, to wit, September 28, 1912; and that consequently plaintiff’s claim was not barred, when notice thereof was served on the executor on September 25, 1913.
Before considering the question thus presented, we shall dispose of certain points raised by appellant’s learned counsel.
' It is said, for one thing, that the bar of the statute was not properly invoked at the trial. But we are not persuaded that there is any merit in this suggestion. That it is unnecessary to plead the statute, in a case originating in the probate court, is not disputed. And it appears that the point was raised in a way such as to make it clear to court and counsel that defendant was relying upon the special statute. [See Wencker, Admr., v. Thompson’s Admr., 96 Mo. App. l. c. 66, 69 S. W. 743.] Indeed it appears from statements of defendant’s counsel in the trial of the case below that defendant proceeded upon the theory that this was the only defense to be asserted. And the court, in giving the peremptory instruction, noted thereon that it was given upon the ground that the claim was barred by section 191, Revised Statutes 1909, as amended in 1911.
.It is urged that the evidence adduced sufficed merely to make the question respecting the bar of the statute an issue to be determined by the jury. But we cannot assent to this. The facts that came into plaintiff’s case, in the manner above shown, left no issue of fact to be determined respecting the matter. It only remained for the court to interpret the provisions of the special Statute of Limitations and *189apply the same to the undisputed facts. It is true that some of the facts thus developed need not have been shown by plaintiff to make out a prima-facie ease; but they were showij — plaintiff’s counsel proceeding, it seems, upon the theory that plaintiff’s claim would be contested only on the ground that notice thereof had not been given the executor in due time and that counsel had agreed as to the facts. The subsequent statements of plaintiff’s counsel — viz: “I will withdraw our admission;” “We aren’t admitting anything now” — did not have the effect of effacing the record that had then been made. Nor was plaintiff’s case prejudiced by the course which its counsel pursued; for if defendant’s position be correct, it is clear that plaintiff could not have escaped the bar of the statute invoked.
In this connection, it is argued, that no proof was adduced tending to show that the St. Louis Times is a newspaper published in the city of St. Louis; and it is said that neither the trial court nor this court can take judicial notice of that fact. But plaintiff itself produced and put in evidence the affidavit of publication, as -showing the due publication of the notice to creditors; and the point now sought to be raised was in no manner suggested below. It is unnecessary, therefore, to here give the matter any further consideration.
We come then to the controlling question in the case, 'viz., whether the one-year period of limitation began to run from the date of the issuance of the letters to the defendant executor, or from the date of the last insertion of his publication of notice to creditors. In considering this question we must have regard to the precise language of the sections of the statute involved. Section 191, Eevised Statutes 1909, as amended March 13, 1911 (Laws 1911, p. 81), is as follows:
“Section 191. All demands not thus exhibited in one year shall be forever barred, saving to infants, *190persons of 1111801111(1 mind or imprisoned, and married women one year after the removal of their disability, and said one year shall begin to run from the date of the letters where notice shall be published within ten days after letters are grcmted, and in all other cases said one year shall begin to run from the date of the last insertion of the publication of the notice(Italics onrs.)
The notice to creditors, published, as above stated, was drawn in precise conformity to section 82, Revised Statutes 1909, as amended March 13, 1911 (Laws 1911, p. 79), which is as follows:
“Section 82. Within ten days after letters are granted the executor or administrator shall publish in some newspaper published in the county where letters of administration have been granted, and if no paper is published in such county, then in a paper published in any other county in the State nearest to the county where such letters of administration have been granted for three weeks, a notice that letters testamentary or of administration have been granted to him, stating the date, and requiring all persons having claims against the estate to exhibit them for allowance to the executor or administrator within six months after the date of letters, or they may be precluded from any benefit of' such estate; and that if such claims be not exhibited within one year from the date of the last insertion of such publication, they shall be forever barred.”
Prom a reading of section 191, -supra, as amended, it quite clearly appears that the lawmakers therein stated with certainty and precision the date from which the one year period of limitation shall begin to run in each of the two instances mentioned; that is to say, that if the notice to creditors be published within ten days after the granting of letters, then the one year shall begin to run from the date of such letters; but that if such notice be not published within ten days from the granting of the letters, then the one year *191period shall begin to ran from the date of the last .insertion of the publication of the notice. In the case before us the notice was published within ten days from the date of the issuance of- the letters. Therefore, under section 191, as amended, the one-year statute began to run from the date of the granting of the letters to the defendant executor; unless it be that section 82, as amended, which prescribes the. form of the notice to creditors, is to be taken as controlling the matter, and as having the effect of prescribing that the one year period shall in every instance begin to run from the date of the last insertion of the publication of notice to creditors, despite the provisions of section 191, as amended, to the contrary; or unless it be that an executor or administrator who publishes notice to creditors in conformity with section 82, as amended, stating that if claims “be not exhibited within one year from the date of the last insertion of this publication, they shall be forever barred,” is bound by such notice, though the publication was begun within ten days from the issuance of the letters, and despite the specific provision of section 191, as amended, applicable where the publication is so begun.
We regard it as clear that section 191, as amended, which is the limitation statute, must control the matter in hand. Its provisions are explicit and clear; and there appears to be no room for the contention that it is to he regarded as altered or modified by section 82, as amended, which merely provides the form that the notice to creditors shall take. Nor, in view of the provisions of section 191, as amended, do we think that an executor or administrator who publishes notice to creditors in the form prescribed by section 82, as amended, though such publication is begun within ten days from the issuance of letters, is bound thereby, in the sense that, in behalf of the estate upon which he is administering, he is precluded from asserting that claims are barred unless exhibited within one year from the granting of the letters. Section 82, as amended, pur*192ports to prescribe one general form for the notice to creditors, to be employed in all cases, regardless of the time when the publication may begin. It is unfortunate that, in enacting this section, regard was not had to the alternative provisions of section 191, supra, as amended; but it cannot be said that an executor or administrator is in any wise at fault if he follows literallv the terms of the statute providing precisely what his notice shall contain; nor that the estate upon which he is administering must on that account lose the benefit of the provisions of section 191, as amended, when the publication is begun within ten days from the issuance of the letters. It is said by plaintiff’s learned counsel that this view ascribes to the Legislature the intention of providing for a notice, in cases such as that before us, which is false and misleading (if not fraudulent) on its face. It is true, as said, that the lawmakers, in prescribing the form of notice; unfortunately failed to reckon with the fact that the limitation section (sectio 191, as amended) distinctly provides that the time when the period, of limitation shall begin to run shall depend upon whether the publication of the notice is begun within ten days of the granting of the letters or otherwise. But it is pertinent to here inquire whether a claimant is entitled to rely solely upon the form of notice published by the executor. We think that he must be held to a knowledge of all of the statutory provisions to be reckoned with in the premises, that section 191, as amended, prescribes with certainty the time when the one year shall begin to run in each of the instances therein mentioned, and that the publication of the notice in the form prescribed by section 82, as amended, is apparently made necessary, in every case, by the terms of that section.
There is nothing to suggest that. plaintiff did in fact rely upon the form of the notice published, and was thereby misled; but we do not mean to say that evidence tending to show this would in any wise alter the situation, or would be competent evidence in the ease.
*193An argument is advanced by appellant, predicated upon the wording of section 195, Revised Statues 1909, as amended in 1911 (Laws 1911, p. 82). This section need not be here quoted. A scrutiny of it discloses that the language employed, referring to section 191, supra, tends to support, rather than to militate against, the views expressed above.
In support of appellant’s contention, that the period of limitation here began to run from the date of the last insertion of the publication, and not from the date of the granting of the letters, we are referred to the opinion of this court by Bakewell, J., in Spaulding v. Suss, 4 Mo. App. 541. But the language which appellant quotes therefrom (4 Mo. App. l. c. 543, 544)— having reference to section 19 of article 2, Wagner Stat., p. 86 — was unnecessary to a decision in the case, and when the entire opinion is reckoned with we do not regard it as authority in support of the argument advanced by appellant.
In support of the insistence that we ought to construe the sections of the statute here under consideration so as to resolve any ambiguity in favor of the longer period of limitation, we are referred to the case of Hawkins v. Ridenhour, 13 Mo. 130. It was there said that since the notice to creditors, in that case, was not published until thirty-one days after the date of the letters of administration, it was not a compliance with the statute which required publication within thirty days, the court adding: “As the law authorizing it has a tendency to destroy rights, we shall require a strict compliance with its provisions.” We perceive nothing in this to sustain appellant’s position. And in view of the clear and explicit provisions of section 191, as amended in 1911, prescribing with certainty that, under circumstances such as are here present with respect to the publication of the notice, the one year period of limitation shall begin to run from the date of the issuance of the letters, there ap*194pears to be no room for a construction of the statute in favor of a longer period of limitation.
Other authorities cited in the briefs need not be discussed. For the reasons indicated, we are of the opinion that the one-year period of limitation began to run against plaintiff’s claim on the date of the granting of the letters testamentary to the defendant executor. [In this connection see Wilkinson v. Thom, 194 Mo. App. 173, 185 S. W. 552.] And as the claim was not lawfully exhibited to the executor within such period, we must hold that it was barred, and that, under the circumstances of the case, it was proper to give the peremptory instruction, on this ground, at the close of plaintiff’s case.
It follows that the judgment below should be affirmed, and it is so ordered.
Reynolds, P. J., and Thompson, J., concur.