James G. Tinsley et al., Resp’ts., v. Paul Weidinger, App’lt.
(City Court of New York, General Term,
Filed November 1, 1889.)
Sale — Breach oe contract to deliver.
Defendant sold to plaintiffs 500 to 600 tons of kainit to be delivered “ex vessel in New York harbor ” within a certain time ; payment to be made on delivery. When it arrived it was found that 100 tons had been pumped overboard and the rest had been damaged by the seas, and plaintiff refused t.o accept it. Held, that all risks in performance of the contract were upon the defendant; that as he failed to have the property at the place of delivery he was in default and was liable for a breach of contract to deliver.
The action is brought to recover the sum of $627.40, being the difference between the market price and the contract price of 502 tons of kainit in December, 1888, agreed to be sold by the defendant to the plaintiff, under a contract in writing, dated May 17, 1888, and $50.20, the cost of the schooner hired, pursuant to the. terms, of said contract, to carry the kainit from New York to Richmond, Virginia. The .contract under which the questions arise, is in the following words:
“ New York, May 11th, 1888.
“ Sold to Messrs. Jas. Gr. Tinsley & Co., Richmond, Va., for account of Mr. Paul Weidinger, New York. *939testing minimum twenty-three (23) per cent, sulphate potash per German analysis at eight dollars and fifty cents ($8.50) per ton of 2,240 lbs., German invoice weight, delivered ex vessel in New York harbor. Shipment to be made from a German port by ¿idling vessel or vessels, in August or September, 1888.
“In event of foreign war preventing shipment, this contract to be cancelled. Buyers to receive goods when vessel is ready to discharge. Terms cash on delivery at New York. Seller hereby guarantees that should he sell any kainit for shipment named above at a lower price than herein named, the price for this contract shall be the same. Buyers to furnish the vessel to carry the goods which shall be consigned to seller’s order at Richmond, Va.
Chas. F. Garbigues.”
(Written across the face) — “ Accepted. Paul Weidinger.”
When the kainit arrived, it was found that that 100 tons had been pumped overboard, and that the balance of the cargo had been damaged by the seas upon the voyage. What remained of the cargo, upon its arrival, was tendered to the plaintiffs, who refused to take the same upon the ground that the goods were neither of the quality or quantity called for by the contract. The plaintiffs were ready to receive the kainit and pay for it, but the defendant, for the reason stated, was unable to perform his contract. The papers are in evidence showing the European weight return, the German analysis and the bill of lading, dated September 28, 1888. There is no question of fraud or identification of the cargo involved.
The court directed a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $687.56, the amount claimed, with interest, and from the judgment entered thereon the defendant appeals.
Johnston & Johnston, for app’lt; Billings & Cardoza, for resp’ts.
Per Curiam.
This was not a sale of goods “to arrive” within . the proper meaning of that term. The goods were not purchased to be shipped from Germany under the direction or at the risk of the purchasers, nor were the goods purchased while in transit on the ocean. By the contract the defendant sold 500 tons of kainit, to be delivered from a vessel in New York harbor, and the plaintiff agreed to pay for it on such delivery. In this respect the case differs from Heller v. Allentown Manufacturing Co., 39 Hun, 547. The contract here was an absolute present sale, and for failure to deliver the defendant is liable. The fact that part of the kainit was pumped overboard and the balance was injured, while at sea, simply proves that the defendant, without any fault on the part of the plaintiffs, was unable to perform his- part of the contract in regard to delivery in New York harbor. The plaintiffs had no interest in the shipment of the goods, nor the method of shipment. These matters did not concern them. The contract expressly provided, in unmistakable language, capable of no other meaning, that the kainit should be delivered by the defendant from a vessel in New York harbor, and that the terms of payment were cash on such delivery at New York.
All the risks in regard to peiformanee devolved upon the de*940fendant, and could not be cast upon the plaintiffs, who assumed the mere risk of being able to pay for the property when tendered to them in New York, and then only upon tender of the proper quality and quantity of kainit. In order to make a tender to the plaintiff im New York, it was necessary for the defendant to have the property present, so that this duty rested on him. He failed to have the property here and was consequently in default, for the consequences of which he is answerable, for the causes which led to the failure are not within any exception allowed by the contract as ground for excuse.
By this construction of the contract the legal propositions involved are simplified and freed from the technicalities which appear in many of the reported cases. In short, the case resolves itself into the ordinary one of breach of contract to deliver, and this is what we think it is. There was no request to go to the jury, and no dispute as to the amount of the damages sustained. It follows, that the judgment appealed from must be affirmed, with costs.
McAdam, Ch. J., Ehrlich and Holme, JJ., concur.