This action was brought to recover damages for the breach of a contract. After issue had been joined the defendant obtained a commission to take, upon written interrogatories, the testimony of certain witnesses residing in London; England. The plaintiffs proposed certain cross-interrogatories, which the court at Special Term refused to allow, and the plaintiffs appeal from the order.
Unless the'interrogatories to be annexed to a commission are settled by consent of the parties, they must be settled in the manner prescribed by the general rules of practice. Code Civ. Proc. § -891. The interrogatories, when settled, must be annexed to the commission, and “either party must be allowed to insert therein any question pertinent to the issue which he proposes.” Code Civ. Proc. § 893. Under the section last cited, the judge, in settling the interrogatories, has authority to disallow questions not pertinent; and this necessarily implies that he has the power to determine whether a question proposed is pertinent or not. Uline v. N. Y. Cent. & Hud. Riv. R. R. Co., 79 N. Y. 175. In the case just cited, the court held'that the power to exclude questions should be sparingly exercised, for the reason that a judge cannot always foresee precisely what evidence the exigencies of the trial may render proper. Not only this, but the statute (section 911, Code Civ. Proc.) reserves the right to either party to make at the trial any objection to questions or answers which he could make if the witness were testifying there orally, and for that reason there is no necessity for determining with that same degree of accuracy that a judge would at the trial whether a question is pertinent or not. Of course, if a question is clearly not pertinent, incompetent, or immaterial, then it should not be allowed; but, unless these facts do appear, then the same ought to be allowed, and the objection raised, if at all, at the trial.
Here all the plaintiff’s cross-interrogatories were- disallowed. It appeared that the plaintiffs had taken out a commission to examine, upon written interrogatories, all of the witnesses except one, Megaw, whom the defendant sought to examine; and the learned judge who made the order from which the appeal is taken thought, as appears from his opinion, that because of that fact the plaintiffs ought not to be permitted to cross-examine the same witnesses when their testimony was sought to be taken by the defendants on an independent commission, or to examine Megaw, because they could have included him in their commission; and he permitted them, if they saw fit to do so, to so *85amend their commission. Obviously the order cannot stand. The judge could not deprive the plaintiffs of the right to cross-examine the witness Megaw by compelling them to call him as their own witness. Nor could he deprive them of the right to cross-examine the other witnesses. The fact that they had taken out a commission to examine them is of no importance, because the section of the Code above referred to (892) specifically provides, as we have seen, that “either party must be allowed to insert therein any question pertinent to the issue which he proposes.” The questions here proposed, which were disallowed, and of which the plaintiffs complain, would seem to be pertinent to the issue; and, if the answers to such questions are not pertinent, then the rights of the defendant can be protected at the trial, either by objections or motions to strike out.
The order, in so far as appealed from, therefore, should be reversed, with $10 costs and disbursements, and the matter remitted to the Special Term, with direction to settle the interrogatories in accordance with this opinion.