195 B.R. 80

In re HOFFMAN FARMS, Debtor. HOFFMAN FARMS, Appellant, v. A. Thomas POKELA, Chapter 12 Trustee, Farmers Home Administration, and Internal Revenue Service, Appellees.

No. 87-10275-INH.

Civ. No. 95-1008.

United States District Court, D. South Dakota, Northern Division.

April 18, 1996.

*81James Edward Carlon, Pierre, SD, for Appellant.

A. Thomas Pokela, Sioux Falls, SD, for Appellee A. Thomas Pokela, Chapter 12 Trustee.

Thomas A. Lloyd, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Pierre, SD, for Appellees Farmers Home Administration and Internal Revenue Service.

Charles Nail, U.S. Trustee, Sioux Falls, SD, for Interested Party, Barbara G. Stuart, U.S. Trustee.

William K. Sauck, Jr., Richardson, Grose-close Law Firm, Aberdeen, SD, for Interested Party, Farmers State Bank.

Dale A. Wein, Ronayne & Wein, Aberdeen, SD, for Interested Party, Northwest Truck & Tractor and Judy Zimmerman.

Háar Farms, Inc., Bowdle, SD, for Interested Party, Haar Farms, Inc.

Timothy M. Engel, May, Adam, Gerdes & Thompson, Pierre, SD, for Interested Party, Larry Vogt.

AMENDED MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

PIERSOL, District Judge.

The Court amends the Memorandum Opinion and Order in the above-captioned case to correct the caption and a typographical error on page 11 which misstated the chapter under which the Hoffmans filed their bankruptcy petition.

Debtors Joel Allen Hoffman, Sheila Diane Hoffman, and Milton “Pete” Hoffman [Hoff-mans] appeal from the Order of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Dakota entered December 16, 1994, determining the post-conversion claim of Farmers Home Administration [FmHA, a/k/a Rural Economic and Community Development, a/k/a Farm Service Agency] to be the pre-petition amount, and approving the sale of a 471-acre parcel of real property belonging to the bankruptcy estate without homestead rights. Designated Record for Appeal, Docket No. 393 [App.Doc.] Hoffmans argue first that FmHA’s pre-petition claim should not “spring back,” and that the FmHA claim *82should remain at the secured amount provided in Debtors’ confirmed Chapter 12 plan. Doc. 6 at 5. Second, Hoffmans argue that the Bankruptcy Court erred when it held that Hoffmans did not adequately assert their homestead rights under S.D.C.L. § 21-19-29. Doc. 6 at 9. The Court affirms the decision of the Bankruptcy Court for the following reasons.

FACTS

The facts of this case are set out in detail in the Bankruptcy Court’s Memorandum Decision Re: Determination of Post-Conversion Claim of FmHA and Approval of Sale of 417-Acre Parcel of Estate Real Property. App. Doc. 393. Milton “Pete” Hoffman filed a Chapter 12 petition on September 21, 1987. His son and daughter-in-law, Joel A and Sheila D. Hoffman, filed a Chapter 12 petition on September 21,1987. The cases were consolidated under the name In re Hoffman Farms, Bankr. No. 87-10275, and a Chapter 12 plan was confirmed on January 26, 1989. Prior to discharge, the court converted the case to a Chapter 7 proceeding after finding the Hoffmans committed fraud. This Court affirmed the Bankruptcy Court’s order converting the case. In re Hoffman Farms, CIV 94-1028, slip op. (D.S.D. Oct. 4, 1995).

Hoffmans’ confirmed Chapter 12 plan listed an undersecured claim by FmHA for $1,649,967.23. The plan provided for repayment of: (1) $2000.00 in cash collateral over five years at 5]£% interest; (2) a $46,165.00 claim secured by machinery over fifteen years at 5]¿% interest; (3) a $53,016.99 claim secured by real property over thirty years at &f¿% interest; and (4) a $118,819.37 claim secured by real property over thirty years at 5]£% interest. App.Doc. 140 at Art. VI, Class 1. The remaining $1,431,288.74 of FmHA’s claim was unsecured. Id. The Hoffmans and FmHA stipulated that the value of the real estate securing FmHA’s $53,016.99 and $118,819.37 claims was $201,000.00. Id.

After the case was converted to Chapter 7, the Chapter 7 Trustee filed a Notice of Proposed Action for Sale of Real Estate By Auction Sale Free and Clear of Liens, App. Doc. 325, which identified three parcels of real estate for sale, one of which was “Tract B,” a 471-acre parcel which included Hoff-mans’ two homestead sites. App.Doc. 325. Debtors filed an Objection to Notice of Proposed Auction for Sale of Real Estate listing three objections: (1) that the sale of the parcel would generate equity once FmHA’s claim was paid at the rate established by the Chapter 12 plan; (2) that the notice failed to state that the property was subject to redemption for one year after sale; and (3) that the notice failed to provide for a separate sale of the homestead property. App. Doc. 343. After a hearing on the objections, the Bankruptcy Court found that objections to the distribution of funds should be made at the time of proposed distribution, that the Chapter 7 Trustee owns all redemptions rights, and that the Hoffmans withdrew their objection to the proposed sale upon learning that the Trustee planned to sell the homestead property separately. App.Doc. 356.

The Chapter 7 Trustee then filed three Motions to Determine Interest in Real Estate and Require that Certain Interest in Said Real Estate Attach to the Proceeds of Sale requesting the Bankruptcy Court order that various judgment liens and the FmHA mortgage attach to the sale proceeds. App. Doc. 365, 366, 367. Hoffmans filed no objection to the Motions.

The Chapter 7 Trustee next filed a Report of Sale stating that “Tract B” had been sold to Ervin Haar for $207,240.00. App.Doc. 373. Hoffmans filed an Objection to Report of Sale, arguing that the sale did not separately identify their homestead interest and claiming that they could redeem the 471-acre parcel by paying the portion of the sale price that exceeded the combined exemption of $60,000.00 to the Trustee.1 App.Doc. 379. At a hearing on the Objection to Report of Sale, the parties agreed that the issue was whether the sale proceeds would be applied to FmHA’s claim at its pre-petition value, *83less plan payments, or at the secured value stated in the confirmed Chapter 12 plan.2 The parties further agreed that if the proceeds were applied to the pre-petition claim, less plan payments, the Hoffmans would be unable to exercise their right to purchase the homestead property under S.D.C.L. § 21-19-29. App.Doe. 424.

The Bankruptcy Court confirmed the sale by Memorandum Decision dated December 16,1994. App.Doe. 393. In that opinion, the court held that a Chapter 7 estate includes all property of the Chapter 12 estate after conversion and that a creditor is not bound by a Chapter 12 valuation of its secured claim if the plan is abandoned and the case is converted to Chapter 7. App.Doe. 393 at 11. The bankruptcy court further held that Debtors had not preserved their homestead rights under S.D.C.L. § 21-19-29 by exercising them prior to the sale of the property as required, and that no equity remained after application of FmHA’s mortgage to which the homestead exemption could attach. App. Doe. 393 at 16-17. Appellants filed a timely notice of appeal. App.Doe. 395. Hoffmans moved for a stay pending appeal which was denied by the Bankruptcy Court, and by the District Court by Order dated January 24, 1995.3

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The Court reviews the Bankruptcy Court’s findings of fact under a clearly erroneous standard of review. In re Blooming-ton HH Investors, Ltd. Partnership, 114 B.R. 174, 175 (Bkrtcy.D.Minn.), aff'd, 938 F.2d 188 (1991). “A finding is ‘clearly erroneous’ when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” United States v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 542, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948). The Court reviews issues of law de novo. In re Bloomington HH Investors, 114 B.R. at 175.

LIEN STRIPPING

The first issue raised on appeal is the issue of “spring back,” “strip down,” or “lien stripping.” Hoffmans argue that the Bankruptcy Court erred when it held that the Chapter 12 secured creditor’s claim “springs back” to its pre-petition amount upon conversion of the Chapter 12 to a Chapter 7. Doe. 6 at 5. Instead Hoffmans argue that the FmHA’s claim should remain at the reduced amount confirmed in their Chapter 12 plan. Hoffmans note the split of authority on this issue and distinguish Liberty National Bank & Trust Co. v. Burba, 42 F.3d 1388, 1994 WL 709314 (6th Cir.1994) (Table), the case upon which the Bankruptcy Court based its decision, on its facts.4 Hoffmans direct the Court to 11 U.S.C. § 348(a) which preserves the dates of filing of a petition, commencement of the case, and the order for relief upon conversion, but is silent on the issue of valuation during conversion. They argue that allowing the claim to spring back overpays the secured creditor and effectively gives that creditor an § 1111(b) election. In response, Appellee argues Dewsnup v. Timm, 502 U.S. 410, 112 S.Ct. 773, 116 L.Ed.2d 903 (1992), and discusses a number of cases which rely on Dewsnup.

*84“Lien stripping” is grounded in 11 U.S.C. § 506(a)5 which permits bifurcation of a claim.6 As the Tenth Circuit explained, Section 506 “provides that a claim is secured only to the extent of the value of the property which serves as collateral. The remainder of the claim, up to the amount of the original obligation, is unsecured.” Dewsnup v. Timm, 908 F.2d 588, 590 (10th Cir.1990), aff'd 502 U.S. 410, 112 S.Ct. 773, 116 L.Ed.2d 903 (1992). Bifurcation benefits creditors holding unsecured claims by freeing assets previously designated to pay claims where the value of the collateral is insufficient to repay the debt. Section 506(d) allows a debt- or to strip a creditor of the unsecured portion of the bifurcated claim.7

There are two distinct lines of cases with regard to lien stripping or, as one Bankruptcy Court phrased the issue, “whether a debt- or may bifurcate a secured claim in Chapter 13, satisfy the claim under Chapter 13 and then convert to a Chapter 7 to discharge the remaining unsecured portion of the claim.”8 In re Cooke, 169 B.R. 662, 668 (Bkrtcy.W.D.Mo.1994). Those cases which do not permit lien stripping rely on Dewsnup v. Timm, 502 U.S. 410, 112 S.Ct. 773, 116 L.Ed.2d 903 (1992), as an absolute prohibition on Ken stripping, In re McDonough, 166 B.R. 9, 14 (Bkrtcy.D.Mass.1994), and on an interpretation of § 348 which holds that upon conversion, everything in the Chapter 7 relates back to the filing of the original petition. In re Jordan, 164 B.R. 89, 91 (Bkrtcy.E.D.Mo.1994). The line of cases which permit Ken stripping rely on In re Hargis, 103 B.R. 912 (Bkrtcy.E.D.Tenn.1989), on § 722 which permits redemption of personal property for the value of the secured claim, and on the rationale that a secured claim in a Chapter 13 is extinguished upon completion of payments under the plan and that Kens are not revived after conversion. Cooke, 169 B.R. at 667. The two lines of cases are irreconcilable due to the distinctly different opinions on whether conversion relates back to the filing of the Chapter 13 petition, thereby nullifying the events occurring under the reorganizational plan.

In Dewsnup v. Timm, the petitioner brought an adversary proceeding seeking to avoid a portion of a Ken on real estate by asking the court to reduce the Ken to the fair market value of the land. 502 U.S. at 413, *85112 S.Ct. at 776. Although the petitioner in Dewsnup had previously sought reorganization in Chapter 11 twice, those cases had been dismissed, and the ease before the court was brought in Chapter 7. The Supreme Court held that § 506(d) does not apply to strip liens in Chapter 7, adopting the view that “allowed secured claim” is not a term-of-art to be given the same meaning in §§ 506(a) and 506(d). Id. at 415-16, 112 S.Ct. at 777-78. For purposes of § 506(d), the court read “allowed secured claim” “term-by-term to refer to any claim that is first, allowed, and, second, secured.”9 Id. at 415, 112 S.Ct. at 777. The Supreme Court’s opinion was based, in part, upon the pre-code rule that “a lien on real property passed through bankruptcy unaffected,” and the court’s reluctance “to effect a major change in pre-Code practice that is not the subject of at least some discussion in the legislative history.” Id. at 419, 112 S.Ct. at 779. The court declined to address the use of lien stripping in reorganization, distinguishing the pre-Code practices in the reorganizational chapters. Id. at 418, 112 S.Ct. at 779 (“Apart from reorganization proceedings ... no provision of the pre-Code statute permitted involuntary reduction of the amount of a creditor’s lien for any reason other than payment on the debt.”).

*84(1) such claim was disallowed only under section 502(b)(5) or 502(e) of this title; or

*85In Hargis, decided prior to the Supreme Court’s decision in Dewsnup, a Chapter 13 reorganizational plan bifurcated a claim secured by a purchase money security interest in furniture. 103 B.R. at 913. At the time the debtors converted their Chapter 13 to a Chapter 7, the secured portion of the claim had been paid in full, as required by the Chapter 13 plan. Id. The bankruptcy court held that § 506 applied to Chapters 7, 11, 12 and 13,10 and that, pursuant to § 1325(a)(5)(B)(i), the creditor “retained a lien only to the extent of its allowed secured claim.” Id. at 913-14. The court reasoned that retaining a lien on the entire claim of the creditor after bifurcation would effectively negate both § 506 and § 1325. Id. at 915. The court further reasoned "that to hold that to hold that the claim springs back would “nullify” all of the events occurring during the Chapter 13 case and would be inconsistent with § 722 of the Bankruptcy Code which provides for the redemption of personal property by paying the amount of the allowed secured claim. Id. at 915-16.

The Court finds that, under the facts of this case, Dewsnup is controlling. First, unlike in Hargis, Hoffmans are attempting to strip down a hen on real property. Section 72211 permits the redemption of tangible personal property by payment of the allowed secured claim. See Cooke, 169 B.R. at 662 (permitting stripping of hen on car when claim fully paid prior to conversion from Chapter 13 under redemption and hen extin-guishment theories); In re Stoddard, 167 B.R. 98 (Bkrtcy.S.D.Ohio 1994) (permitting stripping of hen on ear under § 722 when secured claim fully paid prior to conversion from Chapter 13); but see Jordan, 164 B.R. at 89 (applying Dewsnup to deny stripping hen on car after conversion when secured claim paid in full under reorganization plan); *86In re Gammon, 155 B.R. 15 (W.D.Okla.1993) (applying Dewsnup broadly and affirming Bankruptcy Court ruling, decided primarily on equitable grounds, that van could not be redeemed at value of secured claim even though fully paid). There is no comparable redemption provision in the Bankruptcy Code for real property.12

Second, by the time of conversion, Hoffmans had not completed payments on the secured portion of the FmHA claim as required under their Chapter 12 plan.13 As one court noted, “Courts generally agree that liens satisfied in Chapter 13 are not revived upon conversion to a Chapter 7.” Cooke, 169 B.R. at 668 (emphasis added). The Court found no case discussing lien stripping in which a secured claim on real estate had been paid in full or permitting strip down of a lien on real estate. See, ie., Dewsnup, 502 U.S. at 410, 112 S.Ct. at 773 (denying strip down of lien on real property when Chapter 7 filed prior to foreclosure); Matter of Lindsey, 823 F.2d 189, 191 (7th Cir.1987) (“It would be absurd to think that Chapter 7 could be used ... just to reduce the amount due on a mortgage.”); Benson v. Empire State Bank, 516 N.W.2d 550 (Minn.App.1994) (permitting reinstatement of original lien on real estate when debtors defaulted on Chapter 12 plan and converted to Chapter 7).

Finally, Hoffmans’ Chapter 12 was involuntarily converted to Chapter 7 for fraud. Although discussing a voluntary conversion with no allegations of fraud, the equity argument of one Bankruptcy Court is applicable to the present case:

Debtors are essentially attempting to achieve through conversion to a Chapter 7 case that which they could not have achieved had they originally filed under Chapter 7.... [I]f this Court were to permit Debtors to free their property from the ... lien by converting it, it would provide all Chapter 13 debtors with an incentive to convert the moment the secured portion of the bifurcated claim is paid in full. In many cases, this would be before any payments had been made to unsecured creditors.

In re Jordan, 164 B.R. 89, 92 (Bkrtcy. E.D.Mo.1994). Although Hoffmans argue that Dewsnup is inapplicable because their case was converted to Chapter 7 rather than filed as such, the distinction is especially unpersuasive under the facts of this case. Hoffmans’ Chapter 12 was converted after a finding of fraud; it would be inequitable to now permit them to gain advantage from that finding.

I find Dewsnup controlling in the present case as the subject is real property. Consequently hen stripping under § 506(d) is not available in this Chapter 7 conversion, and the decision of the Bankruptcy Court is affirmed on this issue.

HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION

The second issue raised on appeal is whether Hoffmans properly preserved and applied for their homestead rights under *87S.D.C.L. § 21-19-29. Hoffmans argue that the Bankruptcy Court mistakenly ruled that they did not object to the sale of their property prior to its sale. Doc. 6 at 9. Hoffmans claim that they adequately asserted their homestead rights under South Dakota law as permitted by the Bankruptcy Code, that they are entitled to the first $30,000.00 of the sale proceeds from the sale of their homesteads, and, finally, that they should have been permitted to make the final bid on the property. Doc. 6 at 9.

Appellee argues that Hoffmans failed to preserve the issue of their homestead rights for appeal in that homestead rights were raised, without authority, in Hoffmans’ Objection to Notice of Proposed Action for Sale of Real Estate, App.Doc. 343, but the objections were withdrawn at the hearing on the same. Doc. 10 at 16; App.Doc. 356. Appel-lee argues that the § 21-19-29 issue was not specifically raised by Hoffmans until their Objections to Report of Sale, App.Doc. 379, and that § 21-19-29 requires that the exemption be exercised prior to sale. Doc. 10 at 16. Appellee next argues that, if § 21-19-29 was properly raised, Hoffmans faded to follow the procedures set out in the statute, namely a requirement that the property be appraised, failure to request postponement of the sale in order to pay the surplus of the determined valuation over and above the exemption, and failure to request homestead exemption prior to sale of the land. Doc. 10 at 18-20. Appellee also argues that because of the amount of FmHA debt, there is no equity which may be applied to a homestead exemption. Doe. 10 at 21. Finally, Appellee argues that Hoffmans waived their rights to any homestead exemption in the FmHA mortgage. Doc. 10 at 21.

Because South Dakota has opted out of the federal bankruptcy exemption scheme, South Dakota’s exemptions apply in federal bankruptcy proceedings. 11 U.S.C. § 522(b); S.D.C.L. §§ 43-45-13, 43-31-30 (1983). A South Dakota debtor is therefor entitled to the homestead exemption provided in S.D.C.L. § 43-45-3 which provides that a homestead or the .first $30,000.00 of proceeds from the sale of a homestead are absolutely exempt.14 However, “[a] homestead is exempt against the claim of creditors to the extent of the statutory amount of .the exemption, over and above encumbrances.” First Nat’l Bank of Beresford, S.D. v. Anderson, 332 N.W.2d 723, 725-26 (S.D.1983).

Because this Court affirms the Bankruptcy Court’s holding that FmHA’s claim springs back to its full pre-petition amount upon conversion to Chapter 7, there is no equity in the property over and above encumbrances. I find, as the Bankruptcy Court did, that “no equity exists on which Debtors may claim a homestead exemption and Debtors have no rights under § 21-19-29 that they may exercise. Accordingly,

IT IS ORDERED: That the judgment of the Bankruptcy Court is affirmed and the $60,000.00 which the Court ordered the Trustee to hold pending appeal in this case is released.

Hoffman Farms v. Pokela (In re Hoffman Farms)
195 B.R. 80

Case Details

Name
Hoffman Farms v. Pokela (In re Hoffman Farms)
Decision Date
Apr 18, 1996
Citations

195 B.R. 80

Jurisdiction
United States

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