In re City of Rochester 75 N.Y. St. Rptr. 392

Matter of the City of Rochester.

(Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department,

June 17, 1896.)

Boundaries—Following stream.

Where a deed describes the land conveyed as beginning at a certain point, and “running thence east, to the top of the bank of the Genesee river; thence southeasterly, along the top of the hank, to a point that a line parallel with tUe north line will contain ten acres, * * * containing ten acres, and no more,”—the course “along the top of the bank ” follows the meanders of the bank.”

Appeal from special term, Monroe county.

Application by the city of Rochester to acquire land for park purposes. From an order confirming the report of the referee to whom the cause was referred to ascertain the rights of claimants to the awards made, William H. Robinson, one of the claimants, appeals.

The opinion of P. M. FRENCH, Esq., the referee, is as follows:

In 1859, five persons, who were the heirs at law of Nathaniel Hall, owned the premises taken by the city for park purposes in this proceeding, including the premises in dispute, as well as other adjoining land. The premises in dispute, the title to which is claimed by William II. Robinson, and also by Mary Martin, are situate between the boulevard leading from Rochester tóCharlotte and the top of the high bank on the west side of the Genesee river. In 1861, the said heirs at law of Nathaniel Hall conveyed to Samuel Donnelly a portion of the land owned by them, by the following description: “All that tract or parcel of land situate in the town of Greece, being in township number one, beginning at the northwest corner of lot No. 2; running thence east, to the top of the bank of the Genesee river; thence southeasterly, along the top of the bank, to a point that a line parallel with *393the north line will contain ten acres; thence westerly, along said line, to the River road, known as ‘Lake Avenue’; thence northerly, along the line of said highway, to the place of beginning—containing ten acres, and no more.” By mesne conveyances, the claimant Mary Martin has succeeded to the title so conveyed to Donnelly. The top of the high bank referred to in this description is irregular, and the question to be decided here involves the location of the east line of the premises. If that line follows the course of the top of ihe high bank of the river in all its irregularities, ihe disputed land was conveyed to Donnelly, and the claim of Mary Martin is substantiated. If, however, on the contrary, that line is a straight line, as is claimed by the claimant William H. Robinson, such eastern boundary would exclude and cut off the disputed land, which contains about one acre, and projects easterly, to follow the course of the river at that point, and to which the said William H. Robinson claims title through mesne conveyances from the said heirs of Nathaniel Hall, all executed and delivered after the deed to Donnelly. The description in the deed to Donnelly, above quoted, is unambiguous, very plain, and easily understood, and there would seem to be no room for conjecture as to the intent of the grantors, or for construction of the language used so far as the eastern boundary is concerned. Applying the elementary principle that distances, courses, and quantities must yield to natural monuments and objects, the east line of the premises conveyed to Donnelly must be held to be the top of the high bank, following all its irregularities. The course “ thence southeasterly ” is described and accurately fixed by the Avoids folloAving, “along the top of the bank,” Avhieh described a natural monument or course marked on the land itself. The exception to this rule concerning natural monuments, referred to in Higinbotliam v. Stoddard, 72 N. Y. 99, and similar cases, has no application here, because, if for no other reason, the course of the eastern boundary in the Donnelly deed is not accurately given in the deed; it is simply “southeasterly,” Avliieh might be any course betAveen due south and due east, were it not for the following language in the same sentence, defining and locating it as “along the top of the high bank.”

As I understood the argument of counsel for the claimant William H. Robinson, it is that the south line of the premises conveyed to Donnelly Avas, at the time of the deed to him, practically located on the ground by actual survey, and then agreed upon as it is noAV located, and that it is located too far south to include “ten acres, and no more,” Avithin the boundary lines. To sustain this argument, Avo things *394are necessary; First, the west and north boundary lines must be taken to be the center of the adjacent highways, and not their exterior lines; and second, to show title to the disputed land in the claimant William H. Robinson, the boundary line to be changed must be the easterly, and not the southerly, line,—that is, the easterly boundary line, instead of following the high bank, must be a straight line extending from the northern to the southern boundary, and reaching its southern limit at a point distant about one hundred feet westerly from the top of the high bank. Various measurements have been made, and maps prepared and given in evidence, showing that, if that were done, the included land would be 10 acres.

Much evidence has been taken up in the attempt to locate the starting point in the Donnelly deed, which is the northwest corner of lot '2, in the center of Lake avenue, and the Handford Landing road, or at the intersection of their exterior lines. The question is not without its difficul ties, but the controlling fact which has led me to believe that the northwest corner of lot 2 is not in the center of those highways is that the parties to the Donnelly deed, after causing the 10 acres to be surveyed at the time of the conveyance, located the south line of the premises so far south that it is necessary to exclude the highway in order to include no more than 10 acres, and at the same time have the east line follow the top of the high bank, The description used does not in terms include any portion of the highways, unless the northwest corner of lot 2 is in the center of the highway. Such language is used that, under the authorities, the presumption would be that the highways were intended to be conveyed; but that presumption is rebutted in this case, because it appears that by excluding the highways, and following the top of the high bank for the eastern boundary, and leaving the southern line as located, just 10 acres are included. Mott v. Mott, 68 N. Y. 253; Hussner v. Railroad Co. .96 N. Y. 2,3. And, second, if any line is to be changed, it must be the southern line. That is the line which is to be so drawn as to include "ten acres, and no more.” In no event could the eastern line be diverted from the top of the high bank, because it is located there by the express terms of the deed. The intention of the heirs of Nathaniel Hall to so locate that line, and their belief that they had so done, and that the southeast corner of the land conveyed to Donnelly rested on the high bank, is shown beyond a doubt by the fact that in May, 1865, about five months after their deed to Donnelly, they conveyed to James IL„ Shanley lands adjoining these on the south, and described the easterly boundary of Shanley’s land as extending "northerly, along the top of said *395[high] bank, to the southeast corner of lands sold by the parties of the first part of Samuel Donnelly; thence west, along said Donnelly’s south line, to the River road, known as ‘Lake Avenue.”* If Donnelly’s southeast corner were about 100 feet westerly from the high bank, of course the description in the Shanley deed would be erroneous. The fact that the top of the high bank of the river at these premises has been changed by means of quarrying carried on there, or for any other cause, can make no difference in the location of the land conveyed. Such fact simply renders proof of location more difficult now than it otherwise would have been. Donnelly and his grantees have always occupied to the high bank, and it must be held that Mary Martin owned the land in dispute, and is entitled to the money representing it, which has been deposited to await the result of this reference.

Another fact which is perhaps not controlling, but is at the same time not Avitliout its significance, is that if counsel for the claimant William II. Robinson Avere right, and the south line must be removed about 40 feet northerly to include Avith the higlnvays just 10 acres, still the disputed land would not belong to Mr. Robinson, because of the Shanley deed, above referred to, which has for its northerly boundary in the Donnelly deed; and, further, there is no other party to this proceeding claiming to oavii this land.

Argued before HARDIN, P. J., and ADAMS, WARD, and GREEN, JJ.

Martin W. Cooke, for appellant.

T. D. Wilkin, for respondent.