ALLEN LANGSTON v. WAYNE V. BROWN.
(Filed 20 November 1963.)
1. Pleadings § 15—
Where a demurrer presents a contention of .the maker of a mote that it was agreed between the parties -that the note should be paid solely out of sale -of the collateral pledged, without personal liability, the existence of such an agreement, for the purpose of ithe demurrer, must be determined from the face of the complaint and, the note attached to the complaint and made a part thereof, without evidence aUunde.
*5192. Bills and Notes § 17—
Where a note for tíre balance of the purchase price of a chose in action .pledged as collateral security for the note, stipulates that upon default the holder .should have full power to sell the chose at public or private sale at his option and .that after such sale there should be no liability for any deficiency, held the stipulation gives the holder an option to sell the chose upon default but does not, within itself, disclose an agreement that the note should be paid solely .out of the proceeds of sale of the collateral so as to preclude the maker from maintaining an action on the note when he has elected not to sell the pledged security.
Parker, J., dissenting.
Appeals by plaintiff from Williams, J., April 1963 Non-Jury Term of Wake.
These .two oases involve identical questions of l'aw. Each action was instituted on March 12, 1963 to recover judgment for the amount due on a promissory note executed and delivered by the defendant .to the .plaintiff on December 1, 1961. A copy of each note is attached to the respective complaint as Exhibit A. In Case No. 451, the note contains a promise to pay $32,100 in annual installments of $3,210 with interest at six percent and ia provision that if any payment remained overdue for thirty days the holder might declare the entire unpaid balance due and payable. It is alleged in the complaint that no payment of either principal or interest hais been made .on this note and that plaintiff has elected to exercise Iris option to declare the entire indebtedness now due and payable.
In Case No. 452, the note recites a .promise to pay $5,000, with interest, on or 'before December 1, 1962. The complaint alleges that on February 14, 1962 a .payment of $2,000 was made on this note leaving a balance due of $3,062.50 with interest from that date.
Both motes contain the following provision:
“This note is given to secure a part of the purchase price of the Class A Common Stock of Wilmur Associates', Incorporated, this day purchased by the undersigned from Allen Langston. The payment of both principal and interest on this note is secured by the pledge of Certificate Number.for Five Hundred and Ten Shares of the Glass A Common Stock of Wilmur Associates, Incorporated, Which certificate of stock is pledged with Allen Langston or order .as collateral for the security of the payment of this note; the or his assigns shall have full power and authority if default be made in the payment of either principal or interest as to all or any of this note, to sell, .assign, and deliver at any time *520or times thereafter the whole or any part of said -collateral at pub-lie or private .sale at the option of Allen Langston or the owner or holder of this note .after first having given -the undersigned ten (10) days notice -in -writing of intent to -make such sale and to apply the proceeds of .any such sale of -collateral to the payment and satisfaction in full of both principal -and interest of this note; -it being understood .and agreed that after’ su-eh -sale the undersigned shall not ibe liable for any deficiency.”
Defendant demurred to- each complaint for failure to- state a cause of action in that the note -discloses “that the defendant shall not be personally liable .to> the plaintiff” and that plaintiff must look to- the certificate of stock pledged -as security for the- payment of the note. Judge Williams sustained the demurrers .and plaintiff appealed.
I. W. Farmer for plaintiff appellant.
Johnson, Gamble & Hollowell for defendant appellee.
-Shaep, J.
The demurrers to th-e complaints pose this question: Does the .provision in the notes- that the holder “.shall hav-e full power and authority” upon default to sell -the stock pledged .as security “it being understood and- -agreed that after such sale” the maker shall not -be liable for .any deficiency, require the holder to enforce collection by a sale of .the -collateral?
This question must ¡be answered by reference only to the complaint and the note Which is made a part thereof. We may not consider the “testimony” contained in -both briefs. If, .at the time of the execution .and delivery of the notes, fire parties agreed that payment 'should be enforced only by a ©ale of the collateral, such an -agreement would preclude personal liability -on the part -of the -maker in -an action ¡between tlhe parties, but thi® is a defense- which must be interposed -by answer unless it appears in the complaint itsel-f. 3 N.C. Index, Pleadings § 15; Carroll v. Brown, 228 N.C. 636, 46 S.E. 2d 715. Neither complaint alleges any such -agreement.
The notes 'in suit provide that the holder may sell the -collateral -and, if he does, the maker shall not -thereafter be liable for -any deficiency. They do not -require such a sale, and the complaints do not allege that the stock has been sold.
The parties may always contract that the pledgeor assumes n-o personal liability on the d-elbt secured by the pledge but, in the absence of isuch an .agreement, the giving of .security does not affect the right of action of the pledgee on the -debt o.f the pledgeor. Restatement, Securi*521ty § 48, Comment a; Bank v. Hessee, 207 N.C. 71, 175 S.E. 826; Sykes v. Everett, 167 N.C. 600, 608, 83 S.E. 585. The general rule is succinctly stated in 41 Am. Jur., Pledge and Collateral Security § 99, ais follows:
“The taking o.f 'collateral security for the payment of a debt does not, in the absence of a statute or 'stipulation to the contrary, afford any implication that the creditor is to look to it only or primarily for the payment of the debt. The obligation of 'the debtor to respond in hiis person and property is the same as if no security had been giren, 'and upon default in payment, the pledgee may elect to sue the pledgeor for his debt, without a sale of the security, and may recover a judgment in such suit against the pledgeor for the amount of the debt, without destroying or in the least affecting his lien on the property pledged-.”
In these cases, the parties agreed that a resort to the security for payment would discharge the -maker from any liability for a deficiency. To that extent only did they modify the general rule. So far as the record now discloses, -until the holder does resort to- the security, he may look to the maker.
The orders sustaining the demurrers are
Reversed.
PARKER, J.,
dissenting. In case No. 451, plaintiff prayis judgment of the court against the defendant in the sum of $32,100, with interest thereon at the rate of 6%, ,and for costs. In case No. 452, plaintiff prays judgment of the court against -the defendant in the sum of $3,-062.50, with interest thereon at the rate of 6%, and for -costs. In each case -the -complaint alleges: “A copy of said note is attached hereto marked ‘Exhibit A’ -and -a-sked to be made a part of -this complaint 'as fully ais if set out herein.”
It is well-settled 1-aw that an exhibit attached to a complaint and made -a part thereof -can be c-onsi-dered in passing upon a demurrer. Yeager v. Dobbins, 252 N.C. 824, 114 S.E. 2d 820; Moore v. W.O.O.W., Inc., 253 N.C. 1, 116 S.E. 2d 186; Talman v. Dixon, 253 N.C. 193, 116 S.E. 2d 338; Sale v. Johnson, Commissioner of Revenue, 258 N.C. 749, 129 S.E. 2d 465; 71 C.J.S., Pleading, sec. 257; 41 Am. Jur., Pleading, sec. 246; 39 N. C. L. R. 330, Incorporation by Reference. Carroll v. Brown, 228 N.C. 636, 46 S.E. 2d 715, -cited in the majority -opinion as controlling, is -clearly distinguishable. The opinion in that case states: “The .allegation of the plaintiff -to the effect that the note upon which he bottoms his action, dnaw-s interest from date until p-ai-d -at the rate of six per cent per annum, is denied by the defendants in their answer. *522Tibe note is ¡mot set out in the complaint, hence ,we think the pleadings raise a question of fact if or the jury.” Eacih ¡note, which is attached to each 'complaint iaed made a part thereof as fully as if set out therein, contains this language: “It being understood and agreed that after such sale the -undersigned shall not be liable for any deficiency.”
It appears by the mote in each .case attached to each -complaint and made a .part -thereof as fully ais if set out therein, which mote is the foundation of each case, that the parties agreed that payments should be enforced only by .a sale of the -collateral, and consequently such an agreement precludes personal liability in each case on the part of the maker in these 'actions between the parties. In my opinion, the judgment in each case ibelow sustaining the demurrer to- each complaint should be affirmed, -and I so vote.