810 N.E.2d 1083

Donna K. STITES, Appellant-Petitioner, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Respondent.

No. 65A01-0310-PC-402.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

June 29, 2004.

Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender of Indiana, Jeffrey R. Wright, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellant.

*1084Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Michael Gene Worden, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.

OPINION

CRONE, Judge.

Case Summary

Appellant-petitioner Donna K. Stites appeals the denial of her amended petition for post-conviction relief. We reverse.

Issues

Stites presents two issues for review, which we restate as follows:

I. Whether she has waived her claim that her sentence is ilegal; and
II. Whether the trial court erred in denying her amended petition for post-conviction relief.

Facts and Procedural History

Sometime between May 29 and June 4, 1984, Stites and her boyfriend Frank Dorsey conspired to lure Edgar Dutell to her Vanderburgh County apartment and rob him of drugs. When Dutell arrived at Stites's apartment, she began performing a sex act on him. Dorsey emerged from a closet and struck Dutell on the head with a steel pipe, causing him to fall. Dorsey repeatedly struck Dutell's head and face. Stites told Dorsey, "He's in bad enough shape now, we're going to have to go ahead and kill him." Appellant's App. at 89 (guilty plea hearing transcript). Dorsey continued to beat Dutell and twisted a leather belt around his neck to ensure that he was dead. Dorsey and Stites robbed Dutell of 120 Dilaudid tablets and disposed of his body in a Posey County dump.

On July 3, 1984, Stites and Dorsey were involved in the murder-for-hire of her stepfather, Ron Fulton, in Vanderburgh County. The next day, Fulton's body was discovered in a car trunk in St. Louis, Missouri, with two gunshot wounds to the head. On November 12, 1984, Stites was indicted in Vanderburgh County for Fulton's murder. On February 13, 1985, she pleaded guilty to this charge. On March 12, 1985, Stites received a fifty-year executed sentence, to be served consecutive to an eight-year sentence she received in Vanderburgh County for two counts of theft in August 1984.1

On July 15, 1985, Stites was charged in Posey County with the felony murder of Dutell. On August 8, 1985, at the initial hearing, the State filed a sentencing recommendation in which Stites agreed to plead guilty to Dutell's murder and receive a forty-year executed sentence, to be served consecutive to the sentences imposed in Vanderburgh County. Stites further agreed to testify truthfully at Dorsey's murder trial, and the State agreed not to seek the death penalty. On September 10, 1985, the trial court accepted Stites's guilty plea and sentenced her according to its terms. The trial court stated, "The Court finds that that should be a consecutive sentence because the law requires it and because of the nature of this offense, and because it is a term of the plea recommendation the parties asked the Court to follow." Id. at 99.

On July 16, 1999, Stites filed pro se a petition for post-conviction relief, On July 29, 1999, the State filed an answer asserting the affirmative defenses of laches, res judicata, and waiver.2 On August 26, 2002, *1085Stites filed by counsel a motion to correct erroneous sentence in which she asserted that the trial court had no authority "to order two sentences from different counties to be served consecutively[.]" Id. at 45. On October 9, 2002, the State filed an objection to Stites's motion, contending that by pleading guilty she had "waived her right to subsequently challenge the imposition of consecutive sentences." Id. at 122.

On November 4, 2002, Stites filed by counsel an amended petition for post-conviction relief in which she alleged that her Posey County murder sentence was illegal because the trial court had no statutory authority to order it served consecutive to any other sentence; that her guilty plea was not knowing, voluntary, or intelligent because she had been misinformed by both the trial court and counsel regarding the actual penal consequences; and that counsel was ineffective for failing to advise her' that the trial court could not impose a consecutive sentence. Also on November 4, 2002, Stites filed by counsel a motion to stay any decision on her motion to correct erroneous sentence and to "consolidate [that] action with the pending amended post-conviction petition." Id. at 131.

On September 8, 2003, the post-conviction court held & hearing on Stites's motion to correct erroneous sentence and amended petition for post-conviction relief. During the hearing, the parties stipulated that Stites's trial counsel would have testified that he had "no specific, independent recollection of any conversations he had with Ms. Stites, that he [had] made a search for his attorney's file, and he [had] not found any such file[.]" Tr. at 6. That same day, the post-conviction court entered an order summarily denying Stites's motion to correct erroneous sentence and amended petition for post-conviction relief. Stites now appeals. e

Discussion and Decision

{Initially, we observe that post-conviction procedures

create a narrow remedy for subsequent collateral challenges to convictions. Those collateral challenges must be based upon grounds enumerated in the post-conviction rules. Petitioners bear the burden of establishing their grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. When petitioners appeal from a denial of post-conviction relief, they appeal a negative judgment. Therefore, on appeal, a petitioner must show that the evidence, when taken as a whole, leads unerringly and unmistakably to a conclusion opposite to that reached by the post-conviction court. We will disturb the post-conviction court's decision only if the. evidence is without conflict and leads to but one conclusion and the post-conviction court has reached the opposite conclusion.

Richardson v. State, 800 N.E.2d 639, 643 (Ind.Ct.App.2003) (citations, quotation marks, and alteration omitted), trans. denied (2004). Where, as here, the post-conviction court has failed to enter specific findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Indiana Post-Conviection Rule 1(6); we review the petitioner's claims de novo. Allen v. State, 749 N.E.2d 1158, 1170 (Ind.2001), cert. denied (2002).3

I. Waiver

When Stites was sentenced for Dutell's murder in September 1985, Indiana Code Section 35-50-1-2(a) "limit{ed] the discretionary authority of the trial court to order *1086consecutive sentences to those occasions when a court is meting out two or more terms of imprisonment at one time." Watkins v. State, 588 N.E.2d 1342, 1344 (Ind.Ct.App.1992) (citing Kendrick v. State, 529 N.E.2d 1311 (Ind.1988)). As such, the trial court did not have statutory authority to order Stites's forty-year sentence to run consecutive to the sentences imposed in Vanderburgh County.

The State points out that Stites did not file a direct appeal to challenge her sentence. "[It is well settled that, as a general rule, issues that were or could have been raised upon direct appeal are not available in post-conviction proceedings, as post-conviction is not a 'super appeal'" Taylor v. State, 780 N.E.2d 430, 432 (Ind.Ct.App.2002), trans. denied (2003). The State cites Taylor for the proposition that Stites has waived any claim regarding her sentence because she failed to raise the issue in a direct appeal. See id. at 435 ("The fact remains that the sentencing issue could have been presented upon direct appeal but was not. Thus, this issue is not available to Taylor upon a petition for post-conviction relief.").

We disagree. Unlike Taylor, Stites's sentencing challenge relates to the validity of her guilty plea and is not a freestanding claim of error.4 This post-conviction proceeding is Stites's first available opportunity to raise such a challenge, the merits of which we address below. See Johnson v. State, 734 N.E.2d 242, 247 (Ind.2000) (reiterating that "'when a defendant pleads guilty, he may challenge only sentencing errors on direct appeal, not alleged errors involving his guilty plea or conviction.'") (citation omitted).

II. Denial of Post-Conviction Relief

Stites asserts that she is entitled to post-conviction relief because her illegal sentence renders her guilty plea void and unenforceable. We agree. In Sinn v. State, 609 N.E2d 434 (Ind.Ct.App.1993), trans. denied, we addressed a similar challenge to an illegal consecutive sentence via a motion to correct erroneous sentence. The State argued that Sinn was "bound to his bargain" because the sentence was imposed pursuant to the terms of a plea agreement. Id. at 485. We responded as follows:

As logical and attractive as the State's argument is, it must be rejected. Sinn would prevail under contract law standards: a contract made in violation of statute is void and unenforceable. Moreover, we cannot sanction an illegal sentence simply because it was the product of an agreement. For example, although ludicrous, we would not enforce a sentence of death for jay walking simply *1087because the sentence was the product of a plea agreement. Courts are duty bound to correct illegal sentences.
Sinn is entitled to relief from the illegal sentence. However, it does not follow that we must direct that the present sentence run concurrently with the previously imposed sentence as we did in Watkins, 588 N.E.2d 1342. Watkins is distinguishable as the. illegal sentence was not the product of a plea bargain. As noted above, an illegal contract is void. Therefore, the conviction and sentence entered pursuant to the illegal plea agreement must be vacated; Sinn may be reprosecuted on the Robbery charge.

Id. at 436 (citations omitted).

We subsequently relied on Sinn in vacating the defendant's conviction and sentence in Thompson v. State, 634 N.E.2d 775 (Ind.Ct.App.1994) (motion to correct erroneous sentence), and in Badger v. State, 754 N.E.2d 930 (Ind.Ct.App.2001) (petition for post-conviction relief), both of which involved an illegal consecutive sentence imposed pursuant to a plea agreement.5 Stites observes that our supreme court has not overturned SinĀ» and its progeny. In fact, our supreme court recently acknowledged the viability of Sim, albeit -in passing, in Bennett v. State, 802 N.E.2d 919 (Ind.2004). See id. at 922 n. 2 (citing Sinn, 609 N.E.2d at 436, and noting, "Of course, even if the product of an agreement, a sentence imposed contrary to statutory authority would render a plea agreement void and unenforceable.").6

Following our decisions in Sinn, Thompson, and Badger, we reverse the denial of Stites's amended petition for post-conviction relief and vacate her conviction and sentence. The State may reprosecute Stites for Dutell's murder.

Reversed.

BAKER, J., and BARNES, J., concur.

Stites v. State
810 N.E.2d 1083

Case Details

Name
Stites v. State
Decision Date
Jun 29, 2004
Citations

810 N.E.2d 1083

Jurisdiction
Indiana

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