Save one, the questions raised are common to each appeal. That one we shall consider in a separate branch of this opinion.
In May and June of the year 1902, plaintiffs purchased of one or both of the defendants twenty-one head of cows. The negqtiations were conducted with the defendant James Pinckney; his son, the defendant Edwin, being at that time in Europe.' .It is claimed, however, that Edwin was a joint owner of the property, and is liable with his father, James. This presents one of the principal issues of fact in the appeal of Edwin Pinckney. ' Plaintiffs claim that James Pinckney *698orally represented and warranted tbat the animals “ were sound and all right in every particular, and that they were sound and with calf/’ whereas in truth they were not sound, but were afflicted with a disease known as “ contagious abortion,” and that they were not with calf; that plaintiffs- relied upon these statements and warranties, and believed them to be true, and that defendants knew them to be false at the time they made them; that many of the cows died; that few, if any, were with calf; and that they communicated the disease to other cattle owned by plaintiffs, causing them great damage. The denial interposed by the defendants put all these matters- in issue. The jury was justified in finding, as it no doubt did, that defendant James Pinckney, as an inducement to the sale of the cattle represented, and stated to plaintiffs, or one of them, that “ they are all good, young, straight cows, sound and all right.” It was also justified in finding that at the time of the sale they were not sound, but were diseased with what is known to veterinary surgeons as “ contagious abortion.”
3. Failure to submit an issue. The trial court submitted the case to the jury solely upon the issue of warranty or no warranty, leaving out the ques-tion of false representations in the sale of the x . • property. Of this defendants may not justly complain, for, if any mistake was made, it was to plaintiffs’ prejudice.
1. Sales: breach of warranty; right of action. But it is said that there is no evidence that plaintiffs relied upon the warranty or representations, or that they induced the sale. The court instructed, in effect, that the warranty need not be the sole inducement to the . purchase, but that it must have been operative 3 x in causing the sale. This, of course, is the law. Rose v. Meeks, 91 Iowa, 715; Tewkesbury v. Bennett, 31 Iowa, 85; Powell v. Chittick, 89 Iowa, 513.
*6992. Reliance Upon warranty: evidence. *698But it is not necessary that proof of reliance thereon be by the positive testimony of the buyer. It is sufficient if, considering all the circumstances, such fact fairly appears. *699Case Co. v. McKinnon, 82 Minn. 75 (84 N. W. 646); Ormsby v. Budd, 72 Iowa, 80. Indeed, we have beld that where the warranty is a part of the contract sale, and a part of the consideration of the purchase price, the purchaser need not show by direct evidence that he relied upon, it, as the law will presume that he did. Norris v. Kipp, 74 Iowa, 444. Further, it is said there is no evidence that the cows had contagious abortion when sold to the plaintiffs, and no evidence that there is such a disease. There was a conflict in the testimony on both propositions, which the jury was required to settle, and with its conclusion we are not disposed to interfere.
4. Breach of warranty: in-Instruction. II. Among other things, the instructions are challenged. The sixth, eighth, and ninth are the ones of which complaint is made. We might very well refuse to consider an7 them, because they were not excepted to in a proper manner. Bht for the purposes o'f bthe case, we shall treat them as if proper exception had been taken. The sixth refers to the warranty, and says that it would be broken if any of the cattle were infected with the germs or microbes of a disease which afterward developed, whether that fact was known to defendant James Pinckney or not. This was correct. Stevens v. Bradley, 89 Iowa, 174. But it is said that the instruction did not confine the warranty to the exact breach alleged. This part of the instruction was not dealing with that question, but with the effect of Pinckney’s knowledge, or the want of it. The instruction closes with this thought: That, unless some of the cows were infected with contagious abortion at the time of the sale, there was no breach of warranty. This covers the exact point made, by appellants, and the instruction, as a whole, is clear and consistent.
*700.6. Instructions: warranty. *699In the eighth instruction the jury was told that, if there was a warranty of any or all of the cattle, and the warranty was substantially as claimed in the petition, and the war*700ranty bad been broken, then defendant James Pinckney would be liable to plaintiffs for tbe damages caused by sucb breach. Tbe contention bere is that tbe jury was . o not limited to tbe particular breach relied upon. This complaint is hypercritical. There was no claim anywhere either in pleadings or proof that there was any breach, save that the animals had contagious abortion. True, this instruction does not limit the jury to the particular breach alleged; but it is so well known as not to require the citation of authorities that the instructions must be taken together, and if, when so taken, they fairly present the law, they will not be condemned because one, taken alone, may not be complete in itself. The eighth instruction had reference to the joint and several liability of the defendants, and was •not intended to be a full exposition of the law applicable to warranties. In the sixth the jury was told that, if the cows were not afflicted with contagious abortion at the time of the sale, there was no breach of warranty. Taken in connection with the eighth, there was no error
5. Damages: instruction. In the ninth) which related to the measure of damages, the jury was told, in substance, that plaintiffs were entitled to fair and reasonable compensation for the loss which they sustained to their other cattle as the direct and natural consequence of the diseased condition of the cattle purchased of the defendants, provided the jury found that such disease was in fact communicated to such other cows. This instruction, while not, perhaps, as explicit as it might have been, surely presents the law. Joy v. Bitzer, 77 Iowa, 73; Stevens v. Bradley, supra. If defendants desired a more explicit one, they should have asked it. As they did not do so, they are in no position to complain.
*7017. Appeal: failure to request instructions. *700III. The chief point relied upon by Edwin Pinckney is that there is no evidence that he owned any part of the cattle, or was in any manner concerned in the sale. True, he had no part in the sale, as it was conducted wholly by his father; he at the time being in Europe. But there was evi-*701deuce from wbicb the jury may have found from his admissions alone that he was interested in the stock. Moreover, this question was not raised in the trial court by motion to direct, request for instructions,’ or by motion for a new trial addressed to the particular point. The instruction relating to this matter, as given by the trial court, was correct, as an abstract proposition of law, and is not challenged. As the trial court was not called upon to pass upon this question, we may not consider it.
IV. Alleged misconduct of a juror is relied upon as a basis for a new trial. The trial court was justified in finding from the testimony taken before it, which was conflicting in character, that no such misconduct occurred. We do not ordinarily interfere in such matters, for the trial court has peculiar advantages which we do not possess.
V. Lastly it is said that the damages are excessive. Here, again, there was a decided conflict in the testimony; and it was for the jury, under the supervision of the trial court, to find the fact. No such passion or prejudice is indicated as will justify our interference.
There is no error in the record, and the judgment as to each defendant is affirmed.