319 Ga. App. 662 738 S.E.2d 116

A12A1715.

HERNANDEZ-LOPEZ v. THE STATE.

(738 SE2d 116)

Dillard, Judge.

In this interlocutory appeal, Salomon Hernandez-Lopez appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress, which was related to a traffic stop following a law-enforcement officer’s use of a license-plate reader system. Hernandez-Lopez argues that (1) the officer lacked reasonable, articulable suspicion to perform the traffic stop and (2) the license-plate reader system fails to meet foundational requirements for admissibility as established for radar detectors. For the reasons set forth infra, we affirm the trial court’s denial of Hernandez-Lopez’s motion to suppress.

Construing the evidence most favorably to uphold the trial court’s findings and judgment,1 the record reflects that some of the Gwinnett County Sheriff’s Department patrol cars are equipped with license-plate reader (“LPR”) systems. This system consists of mounted cameras that read license plates of passing vehicles to transmit the information to a database of wanted persons. The database is updated daily and includes information about the wanted person and the relevant vehicle. The information is provided by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Department of Motor Vehicles, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Warrant Division. When the LPR recognizes a license plate linked to a wanted person, the system makes an audible alert; notifies the officer of a “wanted person”; and provides the officer with an opportunity to view the information the system has retrieved, including the person’s name and date of birth, the reason the person is sought, and a color photograph of the vehicle and its license plate.

On the day in question, an officer with the Gwinnett County Police Department was patrolling Georgia State Route 316 in a car with an LPR system when he received a “wanted person” alert. The alert indicated that the wanted person was a male named Eloy Hernandez-Lopez and that he was being sought for failure to appear in court. Upon identifying the relevant vehicle and seeing that it was driven by an adult male, the officer conducted a traffic stop.

*663When the officer approached the vehicle, he asked Hernandez-Lopez for his driver’s license, but Hernandez-Lopez responded that he did not have a driver’s license and instead provided the officer with a Mexican identification card. The officer learned that although the driver’s last name matched that of the wanted person—Hernandez-Lopez—his first name did not. The officer then returned to his patrol car with the identification card and ran Hernandez-Lopez’s full name and date of birth through the Georgia Crime Information Center (GCIC), but the system returned that no such driver was found. Thereafter, Hernandez-Lopez was arrested for driving without a license.

Hernandez-Lopez was subsequently charged by accusation for driving without a valid license and filed a motion to suppress the officer’s traffic stop. Following a hearing on the matter, the trial court denied the motion but granted a certificate of immediate review. We granted Hernandez-Lopez’s application for interlocutory appeal, which follows.

At the outset, we note that when deciding whether to grant or deny a motion to suppress, a trial court sits as the trier of fact, and “its findings are akin to a jury verdict and will not be disturbed unless no evidence exists to support them.”2 Accordingly, we cannot, and will not, “usurp the authority of the trial judge to consider such factors as demeanor and other credibility-related evidence in reaching its decision.”3 With these guiding principles in mind, we turn now to Hernandez-Lopez’s enumerations of error.

1. Hernandez-Lopez first argues that the officer lacked reasonable, articulable suspicion to perform a traffic stop based on the alert received through the LPR. We disagree.

To begin with, stopping and detaining a driver to check his license and registration is appropriate when an officer has a reasonable and articulable suspicion that “the driver or vehicle is ... subject to seizure for violation of the law.”4 In this respect, we have held that “articulable suspicion must be an objective manifestation that the person stopped is, or is about to be, engaged in criminal activity,” and that this “determination can only be made after considering the *664totality of the circumstances . . . .”5 And based upon this holistic approach, the detaining officer must “have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the particular person stopped of criminal activity.”6

Here, based on the alert and information he received from the LPR system, the officer had reason to believe the male driver of the relevant vehicle was wanted for failure to appear in court, which provided reasonable, articulable suspicion to conduct a traffic stop.7

The information retrieved via the LPR system is not unlike that an officer retrieves by way of running vehicle-tag numbers through GCIC, which we have previously held provides justification for an initial stop.8 Moreover, in an unpublished opinion, the Eleventh Circuit recently addressed use of the LPR system in the context of a case invoking the right to be free from an unreasonable search,9 noting that the Supreme Court of the United States has “concluded in similar contexts that visual surveillance of vehicles in plain view does not constitute an unreasonable search for Fourth Amendment purposes,” and that “[t]his is true even if the surveillance is aided by the use of technology to augment the officers’ sensory faculties.”10 Similarly, the LPR system at issue in the case sub judice merely aided the officer by augmenting his sensory faculties, providing an enhanced *665ability to process tag information through a law-enforcement database rather than requiring the officer to manually conduct random checks.11 And the information retrieved by the system’s recognition of the license-plate numbers—i.e., identifying information of a wanted person, the offense allegedly committed by the wanted person, and a photograph of the relevant license plate and vehicle—gave the officer reasonable, articulable suspicion to justify a traffic stop of the vehicle driven by Hernandez-Lopez.12 Thereafter, the officer had probable cause to arrest Hernandez-Lopez for driving without a license.13

2. Next, Hernandez-Lopez argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress when the LPR system failed to meet foundational requirements for admissibility, as have been established for radar detectors. We disagree.

For data collected by a radar device to be admissible into evidence, the State must establish that (1) the device is marketed under a particular name or is similar and approved by the Department of Public Safety for the measurement of speed, (2) the law-enforcement agency has a particular license, (3) the device has been certified for compliance by a special technician, and (4) the device has passed tests for accuracy.14 Hernandez-Lopez argues that, in order to be admissible, the LPR system at issue was required to meet similar requirements and that the State failed to establish same. But Hernandez-Lopez’s argument is misplaced because the admissibility of a radar detector is inapposite as that device is used to *666prove commission of the offense at issue,15 whereas the use of the LPR merely provides an officer with reasonable, articulable suspicion to justify an investigatory stop.16 Accordingly, the trial court did not err by denying the motion to suppress on this ground.17

Decided February 5, 2013.

Vanessa K. Narea, for appellant.

Rosanna M. Szabo, Solicitor-General, Latawsha Y. Little-Hill, Dana W. Pagan, Assistant Solicitors-General, for appellee.

Judgment affirmed.

Ellington, C. J., and Phipps, P. J., concur.

Hernandez-Lopez v. State
319 Ga. App. 662 738 S.E.2d 116

Case Details

Name
Hernandez-Lopez v. State
Decision Date
Feb 5, 2013
Citations

319 Ga. App. 662

738 S.E.2d 116

Jurisdiction
Georgia

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