This cause was tried by the judge presiding without the intervention of a jury, and judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff below, Amanda Talbot, as executrix of the estate of Elias W. Talbot, deceased.
Among other alleged errors assigned is the following-: That the court erred, in fact and in law, in rendering judgment for the plaintiff on the pleadings and evidence, and- in not rendering judgment for the defendants.
The material facts are, substantially, that the plaintiff is the owner of the Andrew Roach certificate located upon the land in controversy, and that the defendants below, T. W. House and others, were the owners of the John Thomas certificate, under which it was patented; that the Roach, certificate was located June 20, 1852, surveyed June 30, 1852, and the field-notes returned to the general land office June-7, 1853. The copy thus returned failed to show that they were approved and recorded by the surveyor of Milam land-district, as required by law. (Paschal’s Dig., art. 4543.)
On the trial, however, the original books of the surveyor’s-office were introduced, which showed that the field-notes had been recorded therein.
On June 30, 1853, J. W. Talbot, a- brother of Elias, and5 who appears to have had an interest in the Roach certificate,-, withdrew the field-notes from the general-land office. The-*466evidence fails to show positively why this was done, though it may be presumed that it was for the purpose of correcting the defect in the certificate of the surveyor, and to relocate the land under the act of February 10, 1852. (Paschal’s Dig., art. 4563.)
That the latter was one of the objects intended, is evident from the fact that, on July 2, 1853, two days after the withdrawal of the field-notes, Elias W. Talbot relocated the Eoach certificate on the land in controversy.
It does not appear from the record that the field-notes and a certificate of this relocation were filed in the general laud office within one year thereafter, as required by section 3 of the act of February 10, 1852, (Paschal’s Dig., art. 4564,) or that they were ever so filed. Heither does it appear that the original Eoach certificate was ever returned to the general land office; but the testimony tends strongly to prove to the contrary. This certificate having been lost, on June 13, 1871, a duplicate was obtained, and filed same day in the general land office.
On April 14, 1870, previously thereto, the Thomas certificate was located upon the land in controversy, the survey made thereunder March 9, 1871, recorded the next day, and the patent, under which defendants claim, issued thereon July 20,’1871.
The testimony tends to prove that at the date of the location of the Thomas certificate, April 14, 1870, the Eoach field-notes were not in the general land office, having been previously withdrawn June 30, 1853, and it is reasonable to presume that the land-office copy of same offered by plaintiff in evidence was not again returned there until the attention of Elias W. Talbot was called to the difficulty in regard to his location, and the loss of his certificate, by the action of the defendants in locating the land.
The defendants, at the time of their location, had actual notice that the land was claimed by the Talbots, and the testimony shows that these parties paid taxes on the land from *4671852 or 1853 until 1872, and exercised acts of ownership over it. Elias W. Talbot died in December, 1876, after which—and some years subsequent to the date of defendants’ patent—the plaintiff, as his executrix, erected a small house upon the land and placed a tenant therein.
Hnder the facts as thus presented, the material questions in the case are—
1. Was the location and survey made for Elias W. Talbot by virtue of the Roach certificate, forfeited by the failure to return the certificate to the general land office ?
2. Was the same forfeited by the withdrawal of the field-notes June 30, 1853, and the failure to return them before the date of defendants’ location by virtue of the Thomas certificate ?
First. However desirable that the practice should have been to have required that the certificate, when appropriated in full by the location, should have been returned with the field-notes of the survey to the general land office, yet we are not prepared to say that the failure tó do this would have forfeited a location valid in other respects.
Tested by the ordinary rules of construction, the language of the several acts of the Legislature and of the Constitution of 1869, upon this subject, would lead to the conclusion that such was not the intention of the law-makers. (Paschal’s Dig., arts. 4562, 4563, 4564, 4573, 7096, 7097, 7098; Const. 1869, art. 10, secs. 2-4.)
Second. We are of opinion that, under the evidence, the withdrawal of the field-notes of the Roach survey from the general land office, June 30, 1853, and the failure to return them until after the location of the Thomas certificate, April 14, 1870, a period of over sixteen years, was an abandonment and forfeiture of the Roach location in law, whatever in fact may have been the intention of the parties.
This was the construction given by the commissioner of the general land office, as shown by the issuance of the patent upon the Thomas certificate.
*468By section 1 of the act of February 10, 1852, the field-notes of all surveys made previously thereto were required to be returned to the general land office on or before the 31st of August, 1853, or the surveys were declared to be null and void.
By section 2, in the event surveys were not thus returned by that date, the owner had the right to have the certificate relocated, without being compelled to have the land actually resurveyed, provided the land had not been previously located by some other person.
By section 3, the surveyor was required to enter such relocation upon the record of field-notes of his office and to duly certify the same to the commissioner of the general land office, and the field-notes of the survey and this certificate of relocation were required to be filed in that office within one year after such relocation.
By section 8, all lands theretofore located by any genuine land claim were required to be surveyed within twelve months from the passage of the act, and all located thereafter within twelve months from the date of location, or the locations w7ere declared null and void and the lands subject to location and survey as any other vacant and unappropriated domain. (Paschal’s Dig., arts. 4562,4563,4564,4568.)
The evident intention of the Legislature was to require prompt return to the general land office of the field-notes of such surveys, so that the residue of the public lands might be ascertained, and to enforce this by forfeiture of the location and survey.(l
This was a necessaxy and reasonable provision, and the evidence shows that it was the misfortune of plaintiff’s intestate not to have complied therewith, and hence to have forfeited his location and survey.
The cases of Morris v. Byers, 14 Tex., 278, and Morris v. Brinlee, 14 Tex., 285, relied upon by counsel for appellees, are different in essential features from the one now under considei’ation. They were contests between two locations, *469without, as in this case, a patent upon either. They originated before the act of February 10,1852.
The division into many suh-land districts of the Bed River land district, within which the locations had originally been made, resulted in such confusion as called for great liberality on the part of the courts.
The original locators had been, for many years, actually residing upon and claiming the lands, and, as to one of them, improvements had been made to the value of $10,000, and persistent efforts had been used by them to have their surveys made, and the delay was not attributable to any fault or negligence on their part.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.