Stated simply, the question before us in this appeal is whether a private business corporation engaged in selling insurance 1 may exercise its contractually established right to terminate its agency relationship with appellant Samuel L. Gill2 (who was a substantial producer of premiums for the company and of commissions for himself)3 for the sole reason that he supported and was a fund-raiser for a candidate for Congress running against the incumbent whom the insurance company favored. In other words, was cancellation under those circumstances a violation of the terms of 42 U.S.C. § 1985? The District Court,4 finding no cause of action under that provision, dismissed the case. 715 F.Supp. 945.5 We affirm.
It may be helpful to enumerate certain areas of law that are not involved in the case at bar. Appellant invokes 42 U.S.C. § 1985, not the familiar 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The record before us does not disclose whether the company’s opposition to the candidate supported by appellant was based upon any business-related reasons arising out of the interests of insurance companies affected by the potential adverse impact of consumer-oriented legislation.6 Thus no questions relating to the company’s rights in the area of commercial free speech need to be considered.7 We *1267may assume arguendo that the political disagreement between the parties arises arbitrarily: from personal “chemistry,” political ideology, economic interests, or family connections and traditions. No specific legislation is applicable such as requirements of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,8 the National Labor Relations Act,9 or laws protecting franchisees in the automobile business,10 or forbidding discrimination in employment,11 or regulating the insurance industry.12 Nor are we required to reach appellee’s argument that appellant is alleging a “bathtub conspiracy” contrary to Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp., 467 U.S. 752, 769-71, 104 S.Ct. 2731, 2740-42, 81 L.Ed.2d 628 (1984) and Cross v. General Motors Corp., 721 F.2d 1152, 1156 (8th Cir.1983). Likewise no new questions regarding legitimacy or desirability of restrictions on spending for political campaigns are involved.13 Nor are we concerned with the Supreme Court’s pronouncements concerning politically motivated discharges of employees by public officers.14 We deal solely with interpretation of the scope and coverage of 42 U.S.C. § 1985.15
That provision reads, in pertinent part, as follows:
(c) If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another, for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; or for the purpose of preventing or hindering the constituted authorities of any State or Territory from giving or securing to all persons within such State or Territory the equal protection of the laws; or if two or more persons conspire to prevent by force, intimidation, or threat, any citizen who is lawfully entitled to vote, from giving his support or advocacy in a legal manner, toward or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person as an elector for President or Vice President, or as a Member of Congress of the United States; or to injure any citizen in person or property on account of such support or advocacy; in any case of conspiracy set forth in this section, if one or more persons engaged therein do, or cause to be done, any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy, whereby another is injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States, the party so injured or deprived may have an action for the recovery of damages occasioned by such injury or deprivation, against any one or more of the conspirators.16 [Italics supplied]
*1268The above provisions of subsection (c) of § 1985 are the reviser’s version of the long and less than lucid language of Section 2 of the Ku Klux Klan Act of April 20, 1871, 17 Stat. 13-14, which reads as follows:
That if two or more persons ... shall conspire together for the purpose of in any manner impeding, hindering, obstructing, or defeating the due course of justice in any State or Territory, with intent ... by force, intimidation, or threat to prevent any citizen of the United States lawfully entitled to vote from giving his support or advocacy in a lawful manner towards or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person ... as a member of the Congress ..., or to injure any such citizen in his person or property on account of such support or advocacy, each and every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a high crime17_ And if any one or more persons in any such conspiracy shall do, or cause to be done, any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy, whereby any person shall be injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States, the person so injured or deprived of such rights and privileges may have and maintain an action for the recovery of damages occasioned by such injury or deprivation of rights and privileges against any one or more of the persons engaged in such conspiracy ... [Italics supplied] 18
Scrutiny of the above pertinent portion of Section 2 indicates that the object of an actionable conspiracy relating to federal elections must be to impede, hinder, obstruct, or defeat “the due course of justice in any State or Territory.” Such interference with the due course of justice must take place “with intent ... to prevent” (by force, intimidation, or threat) a citizen of the United States lawfully entitled to vote “from giving his support or advocacy in a lawful manner towards or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person ... as a member of the Congress.” If any of the conspirators performs (or causes to be performed) “any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy” a civil action for damages occasioned thereby may be brought in federal court against any of the conspirators by “any person ... injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States.”
As explained in Kush v. Rutledge, 460 U.S. 719, 724, 103 S.Ct. 1483, 1486, 75 L.Ed.2d 413 (1983):
Although § 2 contained only one long paragraph when it was originally enacted, that single paragraph outlawed five broad classes of conspiratorial activity. In general terms, § 2 proscribed conspiracies that interfere with (a) the performance of official duties by federal officers; (b) the administration of justice in federal courts; (c) the administration of justice in state courts; (d) the private enjoyment of “equal protection of the laws” and “equal privileges and immunities under the laws”; and (e) the right to support candidates in federal elections. As now codified in § 1985, the long paragraph is divided into three subsections.19 One of the five classes of prohibited conspiracy is proscribed by § 1985(1), two by § 1985(2), and two by § 1985(3). The *1269civil remedy for a violation of any of the subsections is found at the end of § 1985(3). The reclassification was not intended to change the substantive meaning of the 1871 Act.20
Three of the five broad categories, the first two and the fifth, relate to institutions and processes of the Federal Government — federal officers, § 1985(1); federal judicial proceedings, the first portion of § 1985(2); and federal elections, the second part of § 1985(3). The statutory provisions dealing with these categories of conspiratorial activity contain no language requiring that the conspirators act with intent to deprive their victims of the equal protection of the laws. Nor was such language found in the corresponding portions of § 2 of the 1871 Act.21 [Italics supplied]
In the light of the foregoing analysis of the provisions enacted by Congress with respect to federal elections, it seems clear that the District Court correctly ruled that cancellation of Gill’s contracts did not amount to a cause of action under the provisions invoked by Gill.
The shortcoming in Gill’s case which first leaps to the eye is the lack of “force, intimidation, or threat.”
Viewed in the light of its origin as a reaction against the “murders, whippings, and beatings committed by rogues in white sheets in the postbellum South,” 22 the Ku Klux Klan Act obviously meant to its framers, when it spoke of “force, intimidation, or threat” something much more serious and terrifying than a written notice of cancellation of a contract designating Gill as an agent to sell Farm Bureau insurance.
The colorfully sinister words at the beginning of § 1985(c) itself convey the picture of nightriders who “go in disguise upon the public highway or upon the premises of another” to commit their violent misdeeds. The victim “injured in his person or property” was surely contemplated by Congressmen in 1871 as suffering something more severe than loss of commissions as an insurance agent. Indeed, such loss in Gill’s case was damnum sine injuria, for *1270Gill's contracts themselves contained express provisions permitting cancellation upon written notice. These cancellation clauses constitute a second sufficient and independent ground for denying recovery to appellant Gill.23
Moreover, the Supreme Court squarely held in Carpenters v. Scott, 463 U.S. 825, 836-39, 103 S.Ct. 3352, 3360-61, 77 L.Ed.2d 1049 (1983), that economic injury was not the type of wrong for which § 1985(c) provides a remedy.24 Carpenters likewise held that a First Amendment claim could not be actionable in the absence of State Action.25
The impact of these two propositions from Carpenters upon Gill’s case is overwhelmingly fatal. For the essence of Gill’s federal claim is the assertion of a First Amendment type right vindicating advocacy and association, and grounded upon economic coercion or conflict (with no possibility of invoking State Action). The basic thrust of Gill’s complaint is the assertion of such an unmaintainable First Amendment claim.
On appeal, recognizing that the District Court has detected and revealed the weakness of his First Amendment claim, Gill concedes that such a claim was "perhaps imprudently” included in his Complaint.26 Hence he seeks to switch the ground of his claim so as to base it upon an independent right of national citizenship, relating to “institutions and processes of the federal government.” This maneuver is unavailing, however, because the breadth of the federal right recognized in the case law (independently of the First Amendment) is not comprehensive enough to support an action to rectify Gill’s grievance regarding cancellation of his contracts as an insurance agent.
The independent constitutional right relating to federal elections as part of the basic institutions and processes of the national government is limited, under existing case law, to the right to vote — to cast a ballot and have it honestly counted. U.S. v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 315, 318, 61 S.Ct. 1031, 1037-38, 1039, 85 L.Ed. 1368 (1941); U.S. v. Mosley, 238 U.S. 383, 386, 35 S.Ct. 904, 905, 59 L.Ed. 1355 (1915). Significantly, Gill does not allege that he was actually deterred from voting by any “force, intimidation, or threat.” We may confidently assume that no hooded horseman brandishing rope and pistol, or ruffian in more modern garb, drove him vi et armis from *1271the polls. What he complains of is not wrongful conduct unless the First Amendment can be invoked.
There is no recognized constitutional right to be a fund-raiser, free from governmental regulation or private pressure.27 Even the right to spend one’s own money to support a candidacy is based upon First Amendment considerations (and hence requires State involvement).28
Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District Court is
AFFIRMED.