Case 23 — PETITION EQUITY
November 23.
Carder & Vallandingham v. Weisenburgh.
APPEAL PROM GRANT COURT OP COMMON PLEAS.
1. Transfer op Legal Issues in Equitable Action. — Where in an action brought in equity the equitable right depends upon the decision of legal issues, concerning which the party is entitled to a jury trial, the case on motion should be transferred as matter of right to the common law docket to he tried by jury. The court has no right to refuse such transfer unless the case he purely equitable, in which case it has discretionary power as to the transfer and may, at its discretion, obtain the advisory aid of a jury in coming to a cbrrect conclusion upon any question of fact involved in the issues to he tried.
In an equitable action to enforce a lien on real estate for the cost of improvements in which the defendant pleaded by way of counterclaim the damages which he alleged he had suffered on account of breach of warranty as to the quality of the work, the defendant was entitled to have the case transferred upon his motion to the common law docket for the trial of the legal issues, the chancellor having no discretion in the matter.
2. The provision op the constitution guaranteeing the right op jury trial means a trial according to the course of the common law, and secures the right only in cases where a jury trial was customarily used at common law. But in such cases the Legislature has no power to deprive a party of his right to a trial by jury by converting a legal right into an equitable one, or by giving the chancellor an exclusive *136right to try legal issues merely because there is some equitable right that arises out of the establishment of the legal issues.
COLLINS & HENLEY por appellants.
The action of the court in refusing to transfer the action to the ordinary docket for a trial of the “legal issues” by jury is a reversible error, the chairccllor having no discretion. (Civil Code of Practice, sec. 12 ; Aulman & Co. v. Gibson & Co., 8 Ky. Law Rep., 62; Meek v. McCall, 80 Ky., 871; Hill v. Phillips’ Admr., 87 Ky., 170; Walker v. Leslie,. 90 Ky., 642; Hall v. Martin, 89 Ky., 9.)
C. C. CRAM and JAMES T. WILLIS op counsel.
GEO. C. DUANE por appellee.
1. Section 12 of the Civil Code of Practice was not intended to confer or extend the right to demand a trial by jury in equitable actions so as to embrace every so-called legal issue of fact arising therein. (Civil Code (1877), sees. 312, 313; Hornier edition of Code, secs. 342, 343.)
2. At the time of the adoption of the present Civil Code of Practice litigants did not have, under the law as then existing, the right to demand a jury trial of all so-called legal issues of fact arising in equitable actions, but the power to order a jury trial was inherent in the chancellor, and therefore to be exerted at his discretion, and not as a duty imposed, and this power of the chancellor has not been taken away or abridged by the Constitution or written law of this State. (3 Am. and Eng. Enc. of Law, pp. 719-722; Proffatt on Jury Trials, secs. 91, 92, 93; 7 Lawson’s Eights and Remedies, secs. 3791, 3792.)
Meek v. McCall, 80 Ky., 372, and Hill v. Phillips, 87 Ky., 169, (distinguished.
3. The classification in Meek v. McCall and Hill v. Phillips of equitable actions as “purely equitable” and as “equitable and'legal combined,” is not recognized by the Code of Practice, or by the precedents of this court, or other courts of last resort. (Civil Code, sec. 313; Head v. Head, 3 A. K. Mar., 120; Baltzell v. Hall, 1 Litt., 98; Carmichael v. Adams, 91 Ind., 526; Cannon v. .Blue Gravel & Co., 68 Cal., 264; Sheppard v. Steele, 43 N. Y., 52; Idaho & Or. Land Co. v. Bradbury, 132 IT. S., 515.)
4. The amendment of April 29, 1890, to section 10' of tile Civil Code of Practice, is constitutional, and is sufficient to support the action of the court in refusing to transfer.
CHIEH JUSTICE BENNETT
delivered tiib opinion op the court.
The appellee sued the appellants on their contract for the price of repairing and remodeling their flouring mill, and asked that a lien he declared and enforced on the-*137mill for the price; lienee the suit was brought in equity. The appellants admitted the contract to repair and remodel the mill, but claimed that the work was not done in 'a workmanlike manner, and breach of warranty as to the quality of the work, and asked damages in consequence. The appellant, before the trial in equity, moved the court to transfer the legal issues thus framed to the common Jaw docket to be tried by jury. The motion was overruled and the case tried by the court; from that judgment this appeal was taken. Bid the lower court have a discretion to grant the motion or not ? Or, should it have been granted as a matter of right ? It is to be observed that the issues formed were legal issues and triable by jury, and that the only thing that gave a court of equity jurisdiction of the case is that a lien was sought to be enforced on the mill property for the price of the repairs. No lien could be enforced on the mill property except to satisfy the unpaid price of the repairs, the right to which was put in issue. That issue was a legal issue, triable by jury. Section 12 of the Civil Code provides in substance that either party to an equitable action, properly brought in equity, may, by motion, have the case transferred to the ordinary docket for the trial of any issue concerning which he is entitled to a jury trial, but either party may require every equitable issue to be disposed of before such transfer. Here, the matter that gave the court jurisdiction was the enforcement of a lien on the mill property to satisfy the price of the improvements, and if there was nothing due on account of the improvements, of course there was nothing for a court of equity to enforce. Hence, -whether or not there was any sum due for repairing the mill was the legal *138issue to be tried. This court in tbe cases of Meek v. McCall, 80 Ky., 375, and Hill v. Phillips, &c., 87 Ky., 169, has construed the 12th and other‘similar sections of the Civil Code as follows: That if the equitable right depends upon the decision of legal issues, concerning which the party is entitled to a jury trial, the case, on motion, should be transferred as matter of right to the common law docket to be tried by jury. The court has no right to refuse such transfer, unless the case be purely equitable, in which case it has discretionary power as to the transfer, and may, at its discretion, obtain the advisory aid of a jury in coming to a correct conclusion upon any question of fact involved in the issues to be tried. The Constitution of this State guarantees the right of jury trial. This means a trial according to the course of the common law, and secures the right only in cases where a jury trial was customarily used at common law; but in cases of purely equitable cognizance a trial bj- jury is not a matter of right, but it is addressed to the discretion of the chancellor. The ri^ht of trial by jury as secured to the citizen by the Constitution of the State, can not be taken away or placed at the discretion of the chancellor by converting a legal right into an equitable one, or by giving the chancellor an exclusive right to try legal issues, because there is some equitable right that arises out of the establishment of the legal issues, so as to infringe upon the right of trial by jury. That right must remain inviolate as a secured constitutional right of the citizen in all trials in which, according to the course of the common law, the right to a trial by jury exists.
The judgment is reversed, and the case remanded, with directions to award to the appellants a trial by jury.