What the statute laAvs of Georgia are, on the subject of divorce, and the right of the parties to marry again, and Athat the decisions of the Supreme Court of that state in construction of said statutes are, were not proved and admitted in evidence, and Ave are not authorized to consider them. — Code, § 1821; Forsyth v. Preer, 62 Ala. 433; Cubbedge v. *110 Napier, 62 Ala. 518; Bush v. Garner, 73 Ala. 162; Varner v. Young, 56 Ala. 260; 3 Mayfield’s Dig. 541.
The state introduced in evidencé a license duly issued from the court of ordinary of Floyd county, Georgia, on the 27th day of February, 1905, authorizing the marriage of the defendant, William McCuilum,' and Leila Hardeman, which license, and the solemnization thereof by a minister of the gospei, on the date of the issuance of said license, the defendant admitted to be properly certiiied.
The state also'introduced! in evidence, without objection, a marriage license from the probate judge of Montgomery county,' Alabama, for‘the celebration of marriage between the defendant, William R. McCuilum, and Ella (Acia) Dell Üíóore, which license Svás issued on the 23d day of 'October, 1905, and contains the certificate of the jfidge of probate of said county that said parties were married by him on the elate of the issuance.
S. S. Reiser, who was a deputy sheriff, and witness for the state, testified, that on the day after the defendant was sajcl.to have married.Ada Bell Moore, he went to Mobile and brought them back to Montgomery, and defendant voluntarily stated to him, that he had once before, married another woman, Leila Hardeman, in Rome in the state of Georgia, and that this other woman had gotten a divorce from him, and that after the divorce proceedings, he had remarried her, and removed immediately thereafter and lived with her in Alabama, as,husband and.wife, holding themselves o.ut and treating and regarding themselves as husband and wife for nearly, a year before, and down to the time of his marriage with Ada Bell Moore,, w,ho lived in West End,, a part .of the .city of Montgomery, Ala., and that they, at that time, had been in the state and at West End, about or nearly one year, living with each other as husband *111and wife down to the time of his marriage to Ada Bell Moore, and that defendant requested witness to get Leila from West End, Ala., (to come to see him) that he might talk with her of the matter, and arrange it with her. The state here closed.
The defendant introduced in evidence a certified copy of the records of Floyd county superior court, Georgia, a petition for absolute divorce filed therein by said Leila McOullum against defendant, William R. McCullum for causes therein specified; and after proceedings regularly had as in such cases, the court decreed (quoting the language of the decree) “that said marriage be and the same is hereby annulled, and a total divorce granted between the parties with liberty to' the plaintiff, Leila McOullum, to marry gain, but without such liberty to' defendant, W. R. McCullum.” ...
It is stated in the transcript that “all the copies of the certificates and records and court proceedings were admitted by the state and the defendant to be regularly and properly certified and the sole contention was as to Avhether or not defendant’s confession established in law, ’ or as a matter of law, a common-law ma'rriágé in Alabama with Leila McOullum.”
“On an issue of marriagé vel non, evidence of co-habitation and general, uniform reputation, and of the declarations and conduct of the parties while living-together, holding themselves but to the Avorld as man and wife, is admissible, and that these facts raise a prima facie presumption of marriage, Avhich will prevail until overcome by evidence or neutralized by counter presumptions.” — Moore v. Heineke, 119 Ala. 636, 24 South. 374.
It was also held in that case,'that the presumption of an actual former marriage, arising from the fact, of continual cohabitation, etc., is rebutted by the fact of a *112• subsequent permanent separation, without apparent cause, and the actual marriage, soon after of one of the parties. But it was further said: “Notwithstanding such evidence has been deprived of any aid from the presumption, it is still evidence tending to-show, and from which the jury may infer, if it be sufficiently strong and satisfactory, either an actual ceremonial marriage, or an actual consent or agreement to be man and wife, which, when followed by cohabitation may constitute a valid common-law marriage. * * * This court has many times held .that in criminal prosecutions for bigamy — an offense .of which an actual second marriage is an essential ingredient, and where every legal presumption of the innocence of the accnsed in contradicting the second marriage is indulged — the first marriage may be proved by evidence of the -former cohabitation of the accused with a third person, and of his declarations. — Langtry v. State, 30 Ala. 537; Williams v. State, 54 Ala. 133, 25 Am. Rep. 665] Buchaanan v. State, 55 Ala. 154.”
In Parker v. State, 77 Ala. 47, 54 Am. Rep. 43, it was held, that the weight of authority is in support of the proposition, that “in the absence of -local laws prescribing formalities and ceremonies to validate a marriage, the first marriage may be proved by the admissions of the accused.” Citing Miles v. United States, 103 U. S. 304, 26 L. Ed. 481.
There are no formalities or ceremonies in this state necessary to establish a marriage, and, in this case, the admissions of the .defendant of the first marriage, are clear and uncontroverted.
However, whether, under the evidence in this case, there was a common-law marriage between the defendant and his first wife, after their removal into this state, was a question for the determination of the jury, and *113the general charge, therefore, given at the request of the state, was improper. Whether the defendant can be properly convicted on his confession alone, — that he recognized and cohabited with his former Avife in this state, — we do not decide.
Reversed and remanded.
Tyson, O. J., and Simpson, and Denson, JJ., concur.