The action is for negligence. The plaintiff complains that when a passenger in a car of the defendant’s street surface railroad an explosion occurred on the car, accompanied by smoke and flame; that thereupon there was a panic, and he was either thrown or pushed from the car, or jumped therefrom, and was thereby injured. The defendant showed that the fuse did not blow out, and explained that some passengers were seated on the front seat smoking, of whom one struck a match, and then threw it away while lighted, so that it ignited the frock of a woman passenger, which, being of flimsy stuff., blazed into flame and caused the panic. At the close of the case and after the charge to the jury, the plaintiff stated that he would have to adopt the defendant’s explanation; whereupon the court granted the defendant’s motion for a direction of a verdict, and denied under exception the plaintiff’s request for a submission to the jury of the ques*282tion whether the accident happened by reason of the disobedience of a rule of the defendant that prohibited smoking by passengers save when they sat on the last three seats of such car.
I think that the learned County Court did not err. (1) Without regard to the rule. There is no proof tending to show negligence after discovery of the accident. On the contrary, the testimony shows that the motorman stopped the car, and then acted promptly in the emergency in extinguishing the fire and in saving the passenger from injury. I cannot discriminate the case from that of Sullivan v. The Railway Co., 133 Mo. 1, 34 S. W. 566, 32 L. R. A. 167, which in its facts is strikingly similar. The judgment in that case absolves the defendant upon grounds that to me seem cogent and convincing. (2) With regard to the rule. If the passenger who struck the match had not sat in such proximity to the woman with the flimsy frook as that a flaring match carelessly cast aside might come in contact with the frock, then there would have been no burning of the frock from that cause; and if the passenger had not required a lighted match he would not have struck it; and if he had not been smoking and desired to relight his cigar, or cigaretts, or pipe, or proposed to smoke, he would not have struck the match; and if he had not struck the match it would not have been aflame, so as to ignite the frock; and if the passenger had complied with the regulation, or it had been enforced when he broke it, then he would not have smoked or have begun to smoke in that seat. But until you can predicate of a passenger who is smoking or proposes to smoke, while occupying a seat other than those reserved for smokers, that as the result of such act he will strike a match, and will cast it aside while aflarne in such a fashion as to ignite any inflammable material then near him, “you have,” in the words of McSherry, C. J., in Tall v. Steam Packet Co., 90 Md. 259, 44 Atl. 1010, 47 L. R. A. 120, “speculation.” The learned judge further says:
“You may have a sequence of events which are purely accidental in their relation, hut are not inherently or necessarily the successive results of preceding causes.”
In Tail’s Case, supra, during a game of cards played in the defendant’s boat, a dispute arose, angry words followed, and one of the gamesters shot at his opponent, missed him, and hit the plaintiff. The trial court excluded a rule that prohibited gambling on the boat, and the Court of Appeals held that the ruling was proper, inasmuch as, even if the captain had violated any rule, that fact was not evidence of negligence that contributed to the injury. The discussion on the judgment seems to me lucid and logical, and the principle asserted' is applicable to the case,at bar. Writing for this court, I have discussed the question of proximate cause at great length in Trapp v. McClellan, 68 App. Div. 362, 74 N. Y. Supp. 130, and I think much of that discussion is germane to this case. The request for submission was limited to the question whether the violation of the rule against smoking, save in the last three seats, was the cause of the accident. There was no dispute as to the facts, and therefore the question of proximate cause was for the court. Hoffman v. King, 160 N. Y. 618—628, 55 N. E. 401, 46 L. R. A. 672, 73 Am. St. Rep. 715.
The judgment must be affirmed, with costs. All concur.