43 Conn. App. 598

ARKIN-MEDO, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF REVENUE SERVICES

(15119)

Dupont, C. J., and Lavery and Hennessy, Js.

*599Submitted on briefs September 20

officially released November 26, 1996

Michael L. Coyle and Lawrence H. Lissitzyn filed a brief for the appellant (plaintiff).

Richard Blumenthal, attorney general, and Rachel O. Davis, assistant attorney general, filed a brief for the appellee (defendant).

HENNESSY, J.

The plaintiff, Arkin-Medo, Inc., a New York corporation, appeals from the trial court judgment upholding a decision by the defendant commissioner of revenue services assessing a tax on the plaintiffs sale of printing materials in Connecticut.1 The issues set forth by the plaintiff arise from the interpretation of the sales and use tax statute, General Statutes (Rev. to 1989) § 12-410,2 as it applies to the sale of prepress *600commercial products by the plaintiff to commercial printers in Connecticut.

The trial court found that, with a few exceptions, the contested resale certificates held by the plaintiff, which are the focus of this appeal, were invalid because they were accepted for items not sold for resale and were, therefore, subject to a use tax. The plaintiff appeals from the trial court judgment imposing a tax liability for these contested sales. It argues that the trial court improperly concluded that the plaintiff did not take resale certificates from its customers in good faith as required by § 12-410. We reverse the judgment of the trial court.

Section § 12-410 requires the seller of personalty to pay a sales tax on gross receipts derived from the sale unless the seller can prove that the property was to be sold at retail by the purchaser. Taking in good faith a certificate that states that the property is purchased for resale relieves the seller from the burden of proof. The plaintiff contends that an application of the plain language of § 12-410 to the facts of this case will result in relief from the tax burden imposed by the defendant and upheld by the trial court. Under the plaintiffs interpretation of § 12-410, the seller need not present any proof other than a certificate taken from the purchaser at the time of the purchase that states that the property *601is purchased for resale or that the purchaser does not know if the property will be sold or used by the purchaser for another purpose.

The defendant responds that the trial court properly affirmed the imposition of a tax because the plaintiff did not accept the certificates in good faith as required by § 12-410 (2) and as elucidated by § 12-426-1 (c) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies.3 The defendant cites cases from Kentucky and an article from American Jurisprudence to define the term “good faith,” as used in the statute and the regulation. These sources define the good faith requirement as prohibiting “blind acceptance” of resale certificates and requiring “inquiries or ascertainments of facts” to show that the property offered for sale is normally offered for resale in the type of business operated by the purchaser.4 68 Am. Jur. 2d, Sales and Use Tax § 255 (1993). The defendant claims that the plaintiff did not meet these requirements.

The trial court held that the determination of good faith is a common sense process that requires the court to ask what reasonable inferences can be drawn from the facts known to the seller. If these inferences reasonably lead to the conclusion that the property being purchased will probably not be resold, the sale is not a sale for resale no matter how many resale certificates have been signed. If these inferences lead to the conclusion that the property probably will be resold, the good faith requirement has been met. Furthermore, the trial *602court held that if the facts available to the seller at the time of sale reasonably indicate that the purchaser is unable to ascertain at the time of purchase whether the property will be sold or used for some other purpose, the seller may accept a resale certificate in good faith.

Where a purchaser takes a resale certificate upon the sale of a product, part of which may be sold at retail and part of which may be used in the process, the trial court interpreted the good faith component of the statute to require the seller to use its knowledge of the business to determine how the product will be used. The trial court further held that when a seller takes a resale certificate from a purchaser who is unable to ascertain at the time of purchase whether the property will be sold or used for some other purpose, the statute requires an examination into whether the product is divisible or indivisible to determine good faith acceptance of the resale certificate.5 If the product is not divisible, it will either be sold at retail and a sales tax will be collected or it will be used in the process and the purchaser will pay a sales tax pursuant to § 12-410 (4) (a).6 If the property is divisible so that part may be used in the process and part sold at retail, the trial court held that the appropriate way to analyze the purchase is by use of the primary purpose test: “It is the primary purpose for which the personal property was purchased and put to use that controls the determination of the property’s taxability.” American Totalisator Co. v. Dubno, 210 Conn. 401, 409, 555 A.2d 414 (1989). In addition, the trial court noted that statutes creating tax *603exemptions must be strictly construed against the party claiming the exemption and, as such, the resale certificate is valid only if the property sold was clearly for resale rather than use by the purchaser.7

Applying its interpretation of § 12-410, the trial court concluded that the plaintiff failed to demonstrate good faith in accepting most of the certificates. It found that the plaintiff should have discerned from its knowledge of the business that the products would not be resold. It further found that the primary purpose for the use of many of the divisible products was other than for resale. The trial court also noted that although a percentage of some of the products were actually resold, the amount was de minimis and, therefore, did not constitute a sale for resale. We disagree with the trial court’s interpretation of § 12-410.

Except for the good faith requirement, the statutory scheme that flows from the wording of § 12-410 is very clear. The seller of personalty must pay a tax on the gross receipts derived from the sale of that personalty unless the seller can prove that it was a sale for resale. If that can be proved, the seller is not liable for the payment of the tax. The statutorily approved method of proving that the property was purchased for resale is for the seller to take a certificate from the purchaser *604so stating. The certificate must be accepted in good faith from a person who is engaged in the business of selling tangible personal property, holds the proper permit and intends to sell it in the regular course of business. Accepting a certificate in good faith that declares that the buyer is unable to ascertain at the time of purchase whether the property will be sold or used for some other purpose is also a statutorily approved method of relieving the seller from the burden of proof. The term good faith as used in § 12-410 has not been defined in our statutes or in our case law.8

In the present case, the trial court held that good faith exists if the plaintiff can demonstrate that the property sold is for resale or that, if the product is divisible, the primary purpose of the product is for resale.9 We find that under § 12-410, good faith acceptance of a resale certificate is more broadly defined. Unless the seller has “knowledge of facts which give rise to a reasonable inference that the purchaser does not intend to resell the property,” the certificate has been accepted in good faith and is valid. Regs., Conn. State Agencies § 12-426-1.

We further conclude that the trial court improperly placed the tax liability on the taxpayer-seller in the *605situation where the purchaser, after giving a certificate, uses the property for a purpose other than resale. In such cases, the statute provides that the purchaser bears the tax liability.10 See General Statutes (Rev. to 1989) § 12-410 (4). The statute applies in the same manner where the purchaser certifies that it is unable to ascertain whether the property will be sold or used for some other purpose. In both situations, the purchaser who gives a certificate to the seller will either pay the tax as a use tax or collect the tax as a sales tax. The tax, therefore, will not be evaded.

Here, the purchasers are all in the business of selling tangible property and hold the proper permit. They have issued certificates to the plaintiff stating that they intend to sell the property purchased. Section 12-410 requires the plaintiff to demonstrate only that it reasonably believed that the purchasers intended to resell the property in order to show good faith. The trial court improperly placed the further burden on the plaintiff to ascertain the intention of the purchaser when the purchaser itself certified that it did not know how it would use the product. It also improperly required the plaintiff to evaluate whether the property sold was divisible or indivisible and to determine its primary purpose. We conclude that the statute does not require the plaintiff to make such further inquiries to comply with the good faith requirement.

The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for a new trial.

In this opinion the other judges concurred.

Arkin-Medo, Inc. v. Commissioner of Revenue Services
43 Conn. App. 598

Case Details

Name
Arkin-Medo, Inc. v. Commissioner of Revenue Services
Decision Date
Nov 26, 1996
Citations

43 Conn. App. 598

Jurisdiction
Connecticut

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