OPINION
This was an action for money only, which after issue drawn came on for trial' to a court and jury, whereupon, at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case, the trial judge directed the jury to return a verdict for the defendant. On the verdict thus returned, *115after motion for new trial was filed, submitted and overruled, judgment was entered for the defendant. An appeal on questions of law is prosecuted from the judgment. The assignment of errors challenges the action of the trial court in directing a verdict for the defendant. This is the one and only question presented.
The cause of action instituted by Essie G. Bates, .g'uardian of Lloyd V. Bates, was predicated upon a claim of Lloyd V. Bates for relief because oí disability incurred while a member of the Voluntary Relief Association of defendant company. Lloyd V. Bates, who was a doctor and who hereinafter will be referred to as Doctor Bates, was. on and after December 1, 1922, employed in the Medical Department of the defendant company and while so employed voluntarily became a member of the Relief Department of the defendant company. By the regulations of said Relief Department the defendant promised that in event of disability of a contributing member of the class to which Doctor Bates belonged the defendant would pay to the member the sum of $2.50 per day for a period of not longer than fifty-two weeks and thereafter, during the continuance of disability the sum of $1.25 per day.
The petition avers, and there is no denial, that Doctor Bates performed all the conditions by him to be performed under the regulations of the Relief Department. It is averred and not denied that on February 24, 1928, Doctor Bates, while in the employ of defendant, became entirely disabled for the performance of any work or labor and it is further averred in the petition that this disability continued from the aforesaid date until the date of the filing of the petition. It is averred and admitted that the defendant paid to Doctor Bates the benefits accruing to him by reason of membership in the Relief Department of defendant company up to and including January 31, 1931, and it is averred that the defendant has failed, neglected and refused to pay the plaintiff the payments due and owing thereafter fx*om said date to the date of the filing of the petition.
The answer of defendant company consists of a general denial of the avex-ments of the petition, save admissions as to the representative capacity of plaintiff guardian; the corporate capacity of defendant company; the employment of Doctor Bates by defendant company; his membership in the Voluntary Relief Association; his imported disability on June 1, 1928, diagnosed as psychoneurasthenia; payment of benefits as a member of said Relief Department to January 31, 1931, and sets out nine numbered averments, which in substance are: that on January 31, 1931, Dr. Bates was examined by the Medical Department of said Relief Department, reported recovered and able for duty; again examined on April 8, 1931, by Dr. R. C. Kell, a neurologist connected with said Relief Department, again pronounced fit for work but neither Doctor Bates nor his guardian complained or appealed from the decision of the Superintendent of said Relief Department terminating the payment of relief benefits, except as afterwards stated; that Doctor Bates in his application for membership in the Voluntary Relief Department of defendant company agreed specifically to abide by Rule 64 of the Relief Department, which rule is hereinafter set forth; that Regulation 45 of the Rules and Regulations of said Relief Department provides:
* * jf the injury is of a permanent character benefits will cease when the member shall be declared by the Medical Examiner as able to earn a livelihood in an employment suited to his capacity.
“Disablement from accident occuiring otherwise than as aforesaid, including such as may ax'ise at any time from acts or things having no proper relatioxi .to the performance of duty, or from individual physical condition, or tendency, shall be classed as sickness, and if of a peimanent character benefits will cease when the member shall be declared by the Medical Examiner as able to earn a livelihood in an employment suited to his capacity.”
That in September, 1934, Essie G. Bates, guardian of Lioyd V. Bates, made formal demand to the Relief Department for benefits, which demand was disallowed by the Superintexrdent of said Voluntary Relief Association; that subsequent to this dis-allowance of the claim, the guardian attempted to appeal to the Advisory Committee of the Voluntary Relief Department from the decision of the Superintendent: that such appeal was not taken within thirty days from the denial of said claim by the Superintendent, as required by Regulation 64, which provides:
“All questions or controveries of whatsoever character arising in any manner, or between any parties or persons in connection with the Relief Department, or the operation thereof, whether as to the construction of language or meaning of the *116Regulations of the Relief Department, or as to any writing, decision, instruction or acts in connection therewith, shall be submitted to the determination of the Superintendent, whose decision shall be final and conclusive thereof, subject to the right of appeal to the Advisory Committee within thirty days after notice to the parties interested, of the decision.
“When an appeal is taken to the Advisory Committee it shall be heard by said Committee without further notice at their next stated meeting, or at such future meeting or time as they may designate, upon evidence and argument submitted in writing, and shall be determined by vote of the majority of a quorum,’ or of any other number not less than a quorum of the members present at such meeting, and the decision arrived at thereon by the Advisory Committee shall be final and conclusive upon all parties without exception or appeal.”
That:
“The decision of the Superintendent in 1831 terminating benefits became final at the expiration of thirty days therefrom, when neither the said Lloyd V. Bates or Essie G. Bates, as his guardian, appealed from said decision. If said decision was not final, then the decision of said Superintendent in September, 1934, disallowing the claim of Essie G. Bates, as guardian, for benefits became final, when within thirty days therefrom neither Lloyd V. Bates or Essie G. Bates, as his guardian, appealed therefrom. In any event, the decision of the Advisory Committee was final, conclusive and binding upon the parties.”
The plaintiff, replying to the answer, avers:
“that full compliance on behalf of the plaintiff was had with the requirements of the rules and regulations of the defendant a,nd that if there was any variation therein 1he same, was waived by the defendant, which by its Advisory Committee finally considered the claim of plaintiff and denied the same."
Plaintiff further avers that:
“the rulings, findings and decisions of the defendant were fraudulent and collusive and were manifestly mistaken and constituted an abuse of discretion in that at all of the times averred since the 24th day of February, 1928, the said Lloyd V. Bates was and is now suffering from a mental sickness known as dementia praecox; that the same was notoriously known to all persons with whom the said Lloyd V. Bates came into contact and was apparent to the agents of the defendant and said medical examiners, superintendent and Advisory Committee; that the declaration and finding of the said medical examiner, the determination of said superintendent and of the said Advisory Committee were iraudulent, collusive, manifestly mistaken and constituted an abuse of discretion in that at no time since February 24, 1928, nor now is said Lloyd V. Bates recovered, able to be on duty or to perform any manual or mental labor of any nature or description and since said date he continued to be and was wholly and totally disabled; that notwithstanding said condition of demential praecox and said physical condition of the said Lloyd V. Bates and the defendant’s agents informed knowledge thereof, the said agents of the defendant arbitrarily and with a purpose and intent to defraud plaintiff of his right to continue to participate in said relief fund covinously and collusively declared and certified the recovery and ability of plaintiff to work and because of such false declarations and certificates said examiners, superintendent and Advisory Committee of the Relief and Pension Department caused plaintiff’s further participation in the said relief fund to be discontinued from and after January 31, 1931.”
We have set out the averments of the answer and reply at considerable length, so that the issues presented may be well defined. The answer did not admit that any appeal from the finding of the Superintendent against Doctor Bates’ claim was made to the Advisory Committee of the Relief Department but urged that the appeal failed because it had not been prosecuted within the time prescribed by the rules and regulations but did aver that any decision of the Advisory Committee was final, conclusive and binding upon the parties.
The reply asserts the observation by the plaintiff of all of the provisions of the rules and by-laws of the Relief Department which, with reference to the claim of Doctor Bates, required, when it was denied by the Superintendent of the Relief Department, that if an appeal be taken from such action to the Advisory Committee, it was to be prosecuted within thirty days after denial, which appeal was to be presented to the Advisory Committee 'upon evidence and argument submitted in writing.
*117The reply further avers that if there was any variation in the observance of the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Belief Department it was waived by the defendant, but asserts, finally, that the Advisory Committee did. consider the claim of plaintiff on the appeal and denied it.
The cause went to trial upon the claim of the plaintiff that the Superintendent had improperly denied the claim of Doctor Eates by his guardian; that upon appeal it had fraudulently and in manifest mistake supported the finding of the Superintendent.
Upon the trial the evidence was directed to a full history of the mental disease with which it was claimed Doctor Bates was afflicted and as to his ability to engage in gainful employment at the time he wifs cut off of benefits on January 31. 1931. The trial judge, in directing the verdict, found that there was no evidence to support the claim of fraud on the part of the Superintendent or the Advisory Board of the Belief Department on the appeal and, further, that the proof failed to disclose any manifest mistake, as is defined in law, in the action taken by the Superintendent on the claim of Doctor Bates or by the Advisory Board on the appeal from the action of the Superintendent.
In this court it is claimed but not urged that the trial court erred in taking the case from the jury upon the averments of fraud against the Belief Department. The argument is directed to the assigned error in refusing to submit the cause to the jury upon the averments of manifest mistake ir. the action on the claim by the Superintendent and upon the appeal by the Advisory Board.
In the trial court-and here the plaintiff has at all times proceeded upon the theory that all requirements to be performed on behalf of Doctor Bates under the rules and regulations of the Belief Department had been observed and that not only was his original claim acted upon by the Superintendent, but that he was also accorded the right of appeal.
The conclusions which we reach respecting the mental condition of Doctor Bates are predicated upon the evidence in this record and not upon that which may have been beiore the Superintendent or the Advisory Board on appeal. It is indeed doubtful if much of the testimony in the record was admissible upon any other theory than that of fraud or after the admission of the evidence which was before the Advisory Board, but inasmuch as the trial court did not know what would develop as the cause progressed, it was only proper that the testimony be accepted. Therefore, it should be understood that we ground the majority opinion in this case, first, upon the proposition that it was obligatory upon the plaintiff to present to the attention of the jury that which was before the Advisory Board on appeal respecting the claim of Doctor Bates for benefits by reason of his mem- , bership in the Belief Department. Unless and until at least the substance of all chat was beiore the Advisory Board on appeal was before the jury, it could not properly say whether or not the action taken by the representatives of the Belief Department was the result of manifest mistake.
It is probable that the waiver which the plaintiff pleads m the reply refers to a waiver of strict compliance of observance of the rule as to time within which the appeal should have been perfected from the action of the Superintendent to the Advisory Board. It might possibly also reach the failure of the Advisory Board to insist upon the provision in the rules that the appeal should be prosecuted upon evidence and argument submitted in writing but in no event upon the status of the plaintiff under the pleadings could the obligation of the plaintiff to fully present to the jury all that was brought to the attention of the Advisory Board on appeal be waived. It was essential to a determination by the jury oi‘ the principal controverted fact, namely, that the Advisory Board had made a manifest mistake in finding against instead of for Doctor Bates’ claim, that everything of substance which was before the Board should likewise be presented to the jury. Otherwise, it is obvious that no proper determination of this controverted question could have been made.
We must at all times keep in mind that the controlling question was not only, what was Doctor Bates’ mental condition, not of the date of his appeal, April 23. 1935, but of the date that he was cut off from his benefits, namely, January 31, 1931, but further, whether or not, upon the information before the Advisory Board on appeal, it acted in manifest mistake in its determination.
The record is incomplete as to what was before the Advisory Board. Indeed, it may be doubted if the plaintiff had such an appeal as is provided in the regulation. The Adyisory Board designated a sub-commit.tee, known as a Committee on Appeals, which committee came to Columbus and request*118ed Mrs. Bates tó come to the Chittenden Hotel for an interview. What transpired at this meeting, what statements were taken and if any, whether in writing or whether transmitted to or considered by the Advisory Board as evidence, can not be determined. From the testimony of Mr. Norrie, a member of the Committee on Appeals, it may be inferred that the reports of Doctors Heston, Kell and Harding we re before the Advisory Board. True, Mr. Huntzingez-, head clerk of the Relief Department, testified that the “Advisory Committee had the entire facts read to them at their meeting by the chairman of the Committee on Appeals.” But this is but a conclusion of the witness to the effept that the entire facts were before the Board, and of what they consisted does not appear, nor is there any showing that the plaintiff had any knowledge or control of what went before the Advisory Board in behalf of Doctor Bates an his appeal, although it is stated by Mr. Norrie that -she had opportunity to present anything she cared to offer. It seems obvious that until and unless the subject matter upon which the Advisory Board acted denying the appeal was before the jury, it had no basis for a finding of manifest mistake on the part of the board in reaching its conclusion.
In fairness to the plaintiff it should be said that in our judgment, upon the record as it comes to us, it is established that Doctor Bates was at all times on and after February 24, 1928, until the date of trial, an insane person, suffering from dementia praecox, paranoiac type, and that at all times during said period he was unable to earn a livelihood in any employment suited to his capacity.
If it appeared in the record that the facts which are brought to our attention had been presented in their entirety or substantially so, to the Relief Department of defendant company or to the Advisory Committee on appeal from the decision of the Superintendent and either or both had determined that Doctor Bates was able, on January 31, 1931, to return to a gainful employment, we would unhesitatingly hold that it was clearly a jury question if they had acted under manifest mistake in their determination.
It is not necessary to set forth at length the facts upon which we predicate our conclusion. Suffice to say that the record is convincing as it is now presented to us that Doctor Bates was at all times, from February, 1928, when he was committed to the MeMillen Sanitarium until the testimony was taken in the Common Pleas Court, a hopelessly and incurably Insane person and to have permitted him to en-r gage in his profession or in any other line of employment would have been cruel to him and a hazard to the public.
But as we conceive the test of manifest mistake which may be charged to the defendant, it must relate to the factual situation which was presented to the Relief Department or to the Advisory Committee on appeal. The record will not permit the conclusion that upon the case as presented, either to the Superintendent or to the Advisory Committee, • they were manifestly mistaken in the determination which they made. On the contrary, it would seem that the action taken, though in our opinion a mistake, was but an error of judgment which was permissible under such meager facts as appear to have been before them. This is the second and minor proposition upon which we base our decision.
Dr. Herman E. Heston, a general practitioner, with the company, had opportunity tc study Doctor Bates’ case at close range and diagnosed his affliction as psychoneurasthenia and Dr. Ralph C. Kell of Philadelphia,'a neurologist'and psychiatrist for the defendant company, whose examination was limited and based in probability upon an imperfect history of Doctor Bates’ condition, corroborated Doctor Heston’s diagnosis. The reason for the difference between the doctors for the defendant and those who testified for the plaintiff is found in the absence of showing that the delusions and hallucinations from which Doctor Bates at all times suffered and which demonstrated the disease, dementia praecox, were brought to the attention of the doctors for the defendant company. They admit as much.
The ability of patients suffering with dementia praecox to mislead the casual observer is well Illustrated in part of an answer of Doctor Harding at page 65 of the record:
“While they may, if just put into a very limited environment without worry, without strain,-sit around and look normal, we know from experience, and my experience with at least five hundred of these cases entitles m.e to an opinion on that score, and we know that those crazy ideas are. there, even though they aren’t manifest to the layman. You could talk to them every day, pass your neighbor on the porch, speak to him and there would not be a single sign of his mental illness, but his mind is destroyed and *119ii you talk to him long enough or upon his particular weak spot he would show that he was sick.”
It seems that Doctor Bates also misled the expert for the company.
When the Advisory Committee elected to consider the appeal from the decision of the Superintendent cutting Doctor Bates off relief it waived any infirmity in the procedural step as to time within which the appeal should have been perfected. This was safe procedure because of the possibility that defendant was dealing with an insane person who, up until about the time that the appeal was undertaken, had no legal representative. However, when the Advisory Committee consented to hear the appeal the obligation was definitely put upon the guardian by the rules and bylaws of the Belief Association to present all of the facts tending to support the claim that the action of the Superintendent should be revoked. This record will not bear the interpretation that all the facts which are now before us were presented to the Advisory Committee and without such showing we can not say that the plaintiff has sustained the burden which she is required to carry in this action to take her case to a jury.
There is no controversy between the parties as to the law controlling this case It was announced in a comparatively recent opinion by Barnes, P.J., this court, Shipe v N. & W. Ry. Co., 8 Ohio Bull. 39, wherein the obligation of a claimant against the R.eliel Department of the N. & W. By. Co. was under consideration. It was there held that the finding of the officers of the Belief Association against a claimant was conclusive unless induced by fraud, collusion, manifest mistake or abuse of discretign.
Manifest mistake has been defined by the courts. The elements essential to .constitute manifest mistake are set forth in Pfleger v Renner, et, 13 Oh Ap 96, from which quotation was made by the trial court at the time of ruling upon the motion for directed verdict:
“ ‘To induce the court to interfere, there must be something more than error of judgment such as corruption in the arbitrator, or gross mistake, either apparent on the face of the award, or to be made out by evidence; but in the case of mistake, it must be made out to the satisfaction of the arbitrator, and that if it nad not happened, he should have made a different award’.”
And in 5 C.J. 180:
“When it is sought to set aside an award upon the ground of a mistake committed by arbitrators, it is not sufficient to show that they came to a conclusion of fact erroneously, however clearly it may be demonstra,ted that the inference drawn by them was wrong. It must be shown that by some error, they were so misled or deceived that they did not apply the'; ules which they intended to apply to the decision of the case, so that upon their own theory a mistake was made which has caused the result to be something different from that which they had reached by their reason and judgment.”
Citing cases from several states.
The rule is stated with clarity in Patriotic Order, etc., v Hartford Fire Insurance Co. (Pa.), 78 A.L.R. 902,
“An award of arbitrators '* * 8 can not be set aside except for actual fraud or deception, or for a mistake on the part of the appraisers which is not a mere mistake of judgment.”
The rules and by-laws of the Voluntary Relief Department to which Dr. Bates subscribed when he took membership therein, expressly committed him to abide by the provisions of Regulation 64, heretofor'e set forth.
In the light of Regulation 64 and upon the showing as to the evidence which was before the Superintendent or the Advisory Committee on appeal the jury could not say that tney or either of them are chargeable with manifest, mistake in the denial to Doctor Bates of his right to continue to receive relief as a member of the Voluntary Belief Department.
It is our opinion that Doctor Bates should have been entitled to continuing relief had the Superintendent and the Advisory Committee realized the true factual situation respecting his illness, but in failing to accord him that right to which he was entitled they did not commit such a breach against his legal rights as will permit a jury on the record before us to set aside their action. In this situation the trial court took the proper action in sustaining the motion of defendant, for a directed *120verdict and in overruling tlie plaint jiff’s motion lor a new trial.
The judgment will be affirmed.
BARNES, PJ, concurs.