The defendant was the owner of a building in process of construction, and caused a temporary roof or shed to be erected over the' sidewalk in front thereof, pursuant to the provisions of a permit duly obtained from the municipal authorities. The sidewalk was a temporary structure, and consisted of a number of boards covering the excavation beneath. Some months after its erection the roof suddenly collapsed, and parts thereof fell upon and injured the plaintiff, who at the time was walking upon the sidewalk. The happening of the accident raised a presumption of negligence against the defendant. Stewart v. Ferguson, 164 N. Y. 553, 58 N. E. 662. The defendant sought to rebut the presumption by evidence that the structure became insecure in consequence of an unauthorized excavation, made by an independent contractor, close to one of the timbers which supported the. shed. This evidence was sharply disputed, and presented a question of fact for the jury. It was the defendant’s duty to employ reasonable care to erect and maintain a reasonably safe structure over this sidewalk, and liability for a defective structure cannot be evaded by the mere employment of an independent contractor to construct it. Deming v. Terminal Ry., 169 N. Y. 1, 61 N. E. 983, 88 Am. St. Rep. 521; Coolidge v. City, 99 App. Div. 175, 90 N. Y. Supp. 1078; Murphy v. Perlstein, 73 App. Div. 256, 76 N. Y. Supp. 657; Mullins v. Siegel Cooper (Sup.) 88 N. Y. Supp. 737. The accident did not occur while the contractor was constructing the shed, and the principle of delegating work to an independent contractor has therefore no application. The shed was under *231the control, ownership, and supervision of the defendant, and, as said in Weber v. Buffalo Ry. Co., 20 App. Div. 292, 47 N. Y. Supp. 7 :
“When defendant assumed the duties imposed by the permit, it made itself liable for all injuries resulting from its nonperformance or insufficient performance. The company could not relieve itself from the obligation imposed by its covenant with the state by contracting with another to fulfill it. It was an imperative duty required by the permit, and the company was not absolved from its duty and responsibility because it employed a contractor to do the work.”
The complaint was properly dismissed as to the defendant’s husband. As agent or manager for his wife, he owes no duty to the plaintiff, and unless a servant is guilty of actual misfeasance or tort he cannot be held liable with his master. If he neglects a áuty which his master owes to third persons, the remedy is against the master alone. 20 Am. & Eng. Ency. 52. But the direction of a verdict in favor of the defendant was clearly error, requiring a new trial.
Judgment reversed, and new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
All concur.