The point of practice involved In this motion is not provided for by any of the present rules of the court. By virtue of the' 88 § $ vol. R. 8. paga 181, the chancellor has a general power to make rules concerning the examination of witnesses. Under this provision, we have the 69 and 70 rules, which regulate the manner of taking out a commission where a party reopiircs to examine witnesses residing out of the state or who live more than twenty miles from an examiner and where no order has been made to examine the witnesses in the presence of a vice-chancellor; and also the 72d rule, whereby witnesses, examined out of the state, if the parties do not consent to an oral examination, are to be examined on written direct and cross interrogatories, to be allowed by a vice-chancellor or master and annexed to the commission. Such a rule as this was necessary, because the modern mode of examination of witnesses with us is viva voce.
These, it will be seen, do not touch the matter now before the court; and, until some further standing rule shall be made by the chancellor, the practice upon the point must be governed by what has heretofore been customary (so far as we can possibly ascertain it) and as it has heretofore existed in cases not provided for by statute or the rules of the court: 180th rule.
By a rule of this court, made by chancellor Sanford on the fifteenth day of July one thousand eight hundred and eight, it was ordered, that copies of all interrogatories to be administered to witnesses by either party, should be furnished to the opposite party before examinations thereon ; that is to say, copies of all direct interrogatories were to be furnished six days before forwarding the commission to commissioners or before *651the day assigned for the examination of witnesses by an examitier, and copies of all cross interrogatories two days before n , . . , , ° . , - . forwarding the commission on tho day assigned for the examination by an examiner, as the case might be. Under this rule, whore the parties united in a commision, it was in the power of one party to procure a simultaneous delivery of the interrogatories of his opponent, by giving the proper notice of the time when he would forward the commission. And I apprehend such a practice was thereafter pursued. Nor is there either inconvenience or injustice in this mode. It is much more favorable than the practice in the English court of chancery : for, there, one party is not permitted to see the interrogatories exhibited by his antagonist. The constant practice through all time has been, says chancellor Eldon, to grant commissions without communication of the interrogatories. And the reason for the English practice is no doubt this : each party is supposed to know how to shape both his direct, and cross interrogatories from the matter pat in issue by the pleadings.
This reason applies even stronger when connected with cases in our own court. Each party gives the name of every witness ; and he must, necessarily, be supposed to know what he expects each will be enabled to prove—and, consequently, can shape his own interrogatories so as to elicit the facts on his side and without regard to what his adversary may attempt to prove.
He has the privilege of seeing the direct interrogatories of his adversary, for the purpose of drawing his cross ones. This is all that can bo properly necessary.
I shall allow the present motion. The parties arc to deliver their direct interrogatories simultaneously. - I shall, indeed, adopt the words of the notice of motion herein as. to the manner and time of serving the direct as well as cross interrogatories. Tho period mentioned in the notice for settling them may be too short; bnt the parties can no doubt fix upon a time when it will be agreeable to both of them.