Madding v. State.
Opinion delivered May 17, 1915.
1. Criminal law — homicide—sufficiency of indictment — automobile accident. — An indictment charging defendant with second degree murder, caused by striking deceased with ian automobile, the same being operated in an unlawful manner, held sufficient to put defendant upon notice of what crime he was charged with committing, and to sufficiently describe the same.
2. (Homicide — involuntary manslaughter — intent-.—-An involuntary killing without design, in the commission of some unlawful act, or in the improper performance of some lawful act, constitutes the crime of involuntary manslaughter.
3. Trial — homicide—remarks of prosecuting attorney. — In a prosecution for homicide when deceased was killed by defendant while in the reckless and unlawful operation of an automobile, argument of counsel on the fact of defendant’s recent marriage, held not prejudicial.
4. Homicide — automobile—reckless driving. — In a prosecution for homicide when deceased was killed by the reckless and unlawful operation of ian .automobile, an instruction held proper which charged the jury that “no roan has the right .to use a public street of a city as a speedway, but every man has a right to drive an automobile on the streets, just as much night as a man has to *507drive a (buggy in it, or to cross it on foot, but whenever any man uses a dangerous machine, he must guard the exercise of that right with proper care and due regard for the lives and safety of people who have an equal right to be upon the streets.”
5. Homicide — automobile—duty oe care. — It is the duty of the driver of an 'automobile on the streets of a city to keep his machine under such control as to he able to check the speed or stop it absolutely if necessary to avoid injury to others, where danger could reasonably be expected or was 'apparent.
6. Homicide — conviction—automobile.—In a prosecution, for homicide; held, under .the evidence that defendant was guilty of wanton and reckless carelessness in driving his automobile and killing deceased, and that a conviction of involuntary manslaughter would be sustained.
Appeal from Pulaski 'Circuit Court, First Division; Robert J. Lea, Judge;
affirmed.
STATEMENT BY THE COURT.
Appellant was indicted for murder in the second degree alleged to have ¡been committed by running down and killing James H. Harrod, with an automobile, npon Hie streets of tbe city of Little Rock. He was f ounid guilty of involuntary manslaughter and .sentenced to ninety days ’ imprisonment in tbe penitentiary, and from the judgment of conviction prosecutes tbis appeal.
The indictment charges:
‘ ‘ The grand jury of Pulaski County, in tbe name and by tbe authority of the State of Arkansas, accuse J. E. Madding of the crime of murder in the second degree committed as follows, towit: The said J. E. Madding, in the county and State aforesaid, on the 15th day of August, A. D. 1913, unlawfully, wilfully, wantonly, feloniously and with malice aforethought did kill >and murder J. H. Harrod, by then ;and there striking and causing to (be struck the said J. H. Harrod with an automobile, said automobile being then and 'there operated, ananaiged and driven by said J. E. Madding in .an unlawful, wilful, wanton, careless and negligent manner by the said J. E. Madding, and while he, the said J. E. Madding, was then and there driving, managing, operating and driving .said automobile in an unlawful, wilful, careless, wanton and negligent man*508ner, and "without due regard for the rights and life of per'sons, he, the said. J. E. Madding, did then and there unlawfully, wilfully, feloniously, wantonly .and carelessly and with malice aforethought, strike the said J. H. Harrod, and cause him to be struck by .siaid automobile, and by reason of the said J. H. Harrod being struck by the isaid automobile, while it was being unlawfully, wilfully, feloniously, wantonly, carelessly and negligently managed, operated and driven by the siaid J. E. Madding, he, the said J. H. Harrod, died on the said 15th day of August, 1913, from the effects of said striking, by said automobile, against the peace and 'dignity .of the State of Arkansas. ’ ’
A demurrer was interposed 'and overruled and afterward ia motion in arrest of judgment was made on the ground that the indictment did not state facts sufficient to constitute a public offense, which was also overruled.
Hon. James H. Harrod was. struck and killed by an automobile driven by the defendant at the intersection of Fifteenth street and Broadway in the city of Little Rock. He had alighted from the street oar going west on the west side of Broadway and walked around the back end of the car going south .across Fifteenth street, and was struck by the rapidly approaching automobile going east, as he came from /behind the car, and hurled thirty feet through the air, and instantly killed.
The defendant was driving a blue racing car of high power which he had /bought .at a garage in town 'and which had been .stripped of the fenders for repairs. He got the car from the garage at the request of his friend, Asa Grade, to drive him and a yonng lady he was accompanying home, meeting them at Third and Louisiana streets. They went down to Main Street and drove out south to Twenty-third, going at ,so rapid a rate that when they passed Henry MlcCain and J. H. Martin in another oar, McGain’s attention was attracted to the speed and he exclaimed, “It’s going like a hat out of hell.”
They turned in to Twenty-third Street, went west to Gaines and turned north on Gaines, driving at such a *509rapid rate as to attract the attention of Dolly Stark, who was sitting at the fire station, and cause him to exclaim, ‘ ‘ G-o, you blue devil. ’ ’
Mrs. Adamson, who stated she was accustomed to driving an automobile and knew and was acquainted with the speed of automobiles, was -standing >on her front porch on G-aines Street, ¡and saw this oar pass and exclaimed, “Mercy, how fast it is going,” said, “It went by like a flash. ’ ’
Other witnesses estimated the speed at forty or fifty miles an hour on G-aines Street. The automobile slowed down as it turned off Gaines into Fifteenth Street two blocks from the place of the injury, but passed the street oar two blocks east, -and struck Judge Harrod while going at a high rate of speed, variously estimated at thirty to forty miles ian hour.
The defendant stated that they were not going so very fast after coming on to Fifteenth, that he noticed the street car standing, was driving 'along at from twelve to •fifteen miles an hour when the driver of a delivery wagon started diagonally across the street from the south side to go down Broadway; that he -swerved the automobile in close to the street car to prevent a collision with the wagon and struck the right fore wheel of the delivery wagon, and Judge Harrod immediately stepped from behind the car and was struck by the automobile. That he threw the brake into the emergency, as soon as he saw he was going to strike the wagon, but it was impossible to keep from striking him, for as he struck the wagon “something -came out from behind the -street car -and stepped into the automobile and fell back. ’ ’
A witness in the street car testified that as he looked up he saw a blue automobile or “something go by like a bird flying, or a shadow” — that it was all in an instant. He noticed a wagon near the sidewalk and the automobile near the wagon and the street car, and turned and saw Judge Harrod fall. He did not see the ¡automobile strike him.
*510Ed Linzell .stated he was on the northwest corner of Fifteenth and Broadway, facing to the northeast toward the Davis home. His attention was attracted to the automobile going by and about that time the car stopped and “he looked and saw Mr. Harrod falling; looked like he fell from the fop of the automobile. He was up in the air and fell labout the middle of the street, a little to the west. He fell about the middle of Broadway and -about on the north rail of the oar line on Fifteenth -Street. The automobile was going east and it was going fast. It looked like it went under Mr. Harrod. I did not .see- it strike him but I saw him fall. It looked like he fell from the 'back seat of the automobile. ’ ’
J. B. Wood heard the street car stop on the northwest corner of the street and just after it -started he heard a shout, turned -and saw a man lying in the street. Did not see an automobile. Said the -street was in full view when he turned but he did not see nor hear an automobile nor any horn. ‘ ‘ The boy who was struck was lying down at the corner -of Senator Davis ’ place. ’ ’
Dallas. Herndon testified he was on the street car and saw the -automobile running at a very rapid rate of speed. Saw it first on Main Street. He was standing on the front -end of the street car as the automobile came into Fifteenth ¡Street from Graines, iand it was going at a high rate -of -speed on Fifteenth, higher than cars ordinarily run. He noticed it until it passed the street car and it continued at an unusual rate of speed; he -did not notice -the -slowing of the speed -at the time it pas-se-d the -front end of the street car, and it was his opinion that the automobile w-as going -from thirty to- forty miles an hour. That instantly after .it -passed the front of the street car he heard a crash — did not see the oar -strike Mr. Harrod. He alighted from the car and found Harrod’s body lying diagonally between the tracks across the street, somewhere near the center of the intersection of the two streets, Broadway /and Fifteenth. That the automobile came into Fifteenth Street from Graines after the street ear stopped at Broadway and passed the -front -end of the *511street oar just as it started to move up. He did not notice the express wagon, his .attention being directed to the automobile.
Ben Smith testified that he saw Mr. Harrod get off the street oar and looked up Fifteenth Street, about the middle of the block, and saw a little blue car coming toward the street car running fast, and exclaimed, “Look, Mr. Wood; ain’t that car conning some! ’ ’ The next thing he saw the wagon coming down by the side of the street car, nearly even with it, and then he heard a crash and thought the iautomobile ran into the wagon. He went to the back platform and saw Judge Harrod lying on the north track of the car line, about the middle of Broadway Street.
The defendant stopped his car as soon as possible after striking Mr. Harrod, expressed deep regret over the occurrence, which he said was an .accident that could not possibly have been avoided, and went immediately for a physician.
Jas. A. Gray, X. O. Pindall and Mehaffy, Reid S Mehaffy, for appellant.
1. The indictment was not sufficient to secure defendant his substantial rights upon the trial. The unlawful act, the essence of the offense, is not charged. 99 Ark. 188. No excessive rate of speed is charged, nor any violation of any city ordinance. The indictment is misleading and indefinite. 26 Ark. 323; 27 Id. 494; 29 Id. 165; 34 Id. 263; 102 Id. 598.
2. The remarks of the prosecuting attorney were prejudicial. 12 ‘Cyc. 589; 140 Am. St. 378; 9 Id. 559, and note.
3. The instructions of the court that, “No man has the right to use the public streets * * as a speedway; and “But when a man uses a dangerous machine he must guard the exereise of the right with a proper care and due regard for the lives and safety of people,” etc., were error. They assumed that def endant was using the street as a speedway and that an automobile is per se a danger*512ous machine. 59 Ark. 417; 111 N. Y. Supp. 1057; 70 L. R. A. 627.
4. Incompetent testimony was admitted and it was prejudicial. 100 Ark. 232.
Wm. L. Moose, Attorney General, and Jno. P. Streepey, Assistant, for appellee.
1. The indictment is sufficient.' 33 L. R. A. (N. S.) 403, 405; 216 Mo. 420; 115 S. W. 1011;
2. The prosecuting attorney’s remarks were not prejudicial. He merely stated his opinion on the weight of the evidence. 79 Ark. 25; 91 Id. 576; 109 Id. 594, 602.
3. No incompetent testimony was admitted. 100 Ark. 232, 235.
4. There is no error in the instructions. 168 S. W. 35, 37; 8 L. R. A. 1228,1230; 18 Ann. Cas. 236.
Kirby, J.,
(.after .stating the facts). It is insisted first for reversal that the indictment is insufficient and that the court erred in not sustaining the demurrer and granting the motion in arrest of judgment.
(1) There is no merit in the contention that the allegations of the indictment are so indefinite and uncertain as not to put the defendant on notice of the crime with which he is charged, nor was it defective for failure to allege with more particularity the manner of 'causing the death of the deceased. It charges that the defendant ‘ ‘unlawfully, wilfully, wantonly, feloniously and with malice aforethought, did kill and murder J. H. Harrod, by then and there striking and causing to be struck the said J. H. Harrod, with an automobile, said automobile being then 'and there operated, managed and driven by said defendant in an unlawful, wilful, wanton, careless and negligent manner, ’ ’ etc.
We think the allegations of the indictment sufficient to put 'the defendant on notice that he was charged with killing the deceased by striking him with an automobile, driven in an unlawful, wilful, careless 'and negligent manner, in effect notifying.him that it was not being operated *513in accordance with either the laws of the State or the ordinances of the city regulating the use off automobiles.
In Schultz v. State, 33 L. R. A. (N. S.) 403, the Supreme Court of Nebraska., in holding sufficient an indictment of about 'the same tenor and effect as the one herein, upon demurrer, said:
“A like question was before the Supreme Court of Missouri in State v. Watson, 216 Mo. 420, 115 S. W. 1011, upon a similar information, in which 'defendant was charged, with killing a pedestrian while carelessly, recklessly iand negligently running Ms automobile over and upon a certain street of St. LoMs. Speaking of the information in that case, the court said: ‘ This in our opinion is a sufficient charge, and fully informed the defendant of the nature 'and character of the offense he was called upon to answer. It wias not, in our judgment, essential that the information should undertake to set out in detail in what such carelessness, recklessness and culpable negligence consisted, but the charge that he operated and propelled this automobile .along a public street, carelessly, recklessly and with culpable negligence, was in effect notifying the defendant that he was not using, operating or propelling Ms automobile in accordance with the law or the ordinances of the city, regulating the use and operation of such machines. ’ ’
(2) The defendant was only convicted of involuntary manslaughter 'and the manner of the killing was not material in any event, since it would only have tended to Show the disposition of mind or the intent with which the act was committed and no intent to kill is reqmred to constitute the offense of involuntary manslaughter.
An involuntary killing without design in the commission of some unlawful act or in the improper performance of some lawful act, constitutes the offense. Tharp v. State, 99 Ark. 188.
Neither do we think the testimony concerning the exclamations of the different witnesses upon noticing the running ¡automobile were incompetent, being only indicative of their opinion of its speed. Each of these witnesses *514also gave Ihis estimate of the rate of speed of the automobile and some then said it was going so fast as to cause them to make the exclamations complained of. Like involuntary remarks and exclamations by witnesses not shown to be acquainted with the speed of automobiles were held competent in the case of Bowen v. State, 100 Ark. 232.
In’ closing the argument the prosecuting attorney made the following statement, which was objected to:
“It seems to me, gentlemen of the jury, that they have lugged in here of their own accord — it certainly would be improper for me to make any reference except it had been lugged in here before you against our will — I would not for one moment say aught to wound the feelings of any one, and much less the beautiful bride that had married him, but I say, gentlemen of the jury, they lugged that in here before you, but they knew before they entered the bonds of matrimony the indictment was pending here against the defendant for murder in the second degree. They knew that. And I say I wouldn’t refer to these things but for the fact that it has been lugged in here and hammered upon — why, it seems even in that sacred act the defendant went on with that reckless disregard of the propriety of the occasion that he manifested evidently under the evidence here in this case when he killed and murdered and butchered James H. Hjarrod. ’ ’
(3) We think there was no reversible error committed in the making of this statement, which appears from other statements o'f the record to have been invited, and it was at most but a .statement of the prosecuting attorney’s opinion of the weight of the testimony in the case. Smith v. State, 79 Ark. 25; Holt v. State, 91 Ark. 576; Valentine v. State, 108 Ark. 594.
(4) It is next contended the court erred in its charge to the jury, as follows:
“No man has the right to use a public street of a city as a speedway, but every man has a right to drive an automobile on the streets, just as much right as a man has to drive a buggy in it, or to cross it on foot, but wherever *515any man uses a dangerous machine, lie must guard the exercise of that right with a proper care and due regard for 'the lives ¡and siafety of people who have ian equal right to he upon the streets.”
There was no error in the charge as given, which does not assume that defendant was using the street as a speedway, ¡and although an automobile may not he a dangerous machine when not in operation, it evidently becomes so to such an extent when operated without ¡care on the crowded streets of a city, that there could have been no error in this instruction. This was a racing ear of high power, stripped, and was being operated recklessly as the jury found, at a high and unlawful rate of speed, at a place where the presence of persons alighting from ¡the car, pedestrians and others crossing the street, should have been anticipated. Allen v. Bland, 168 S. W. (Tex.) 35.
(5) Neither did the court err in telling the jury that it was the duty of the ¡defendant to keep his machine under such ¡control as to check the speed or stop it 'absolutely if necessary to avoid injury to others where danger could reasonably be expected or was apparent. The defendant was driving ¡his racing ¡car ¡on the ¡city street at a high rate of ¡speed, past a street car standing for allowing passengers either to get on or off, in violation of the ¡city ordinances, and where he could have reasonably expected that some ¡one might come from behind the street car from out of his sight into a place of danger from.hismachine. He made no effort to stop his .automobile, swerved it in next to the street car, to avoid it is true, a collision with a delivery wagon on the right, but necessarily where he could not see ¡a pedestrian ¡coming from behind the oar. He made no effort, according to his own .statement, to check the speed of his car until it was apparent that it would collide with the delivery wagon, notwithstanding he could see both the wagon and the standing street car, before he ¡came near enough to endanger the .safety of any one crossing the street at the place. Gregory v. Slaughter, 8 *516L. R. A. (N. S.) (Ky.) 1228; State v. Campbell, 18 Ann. Cas. 236.
(6) The defendant, it is trae, was not we'll acquainted with the eity, nor its streets, but he was accustomed to driving an automobile, and if the State’s testimony be true, he wlas (driving 'the Car iat the time of the accident with reckless' abandon and wanton disregard of the rights of ethers upon the street 'and without care as to their safety. It is not claimed that he had any intent to injure his victim, the deceased, land he ha's doubtless suffered much languish of mind because of the unfortunate occurrence in which he caused his death, but the fact remains that he drove his racing- ear 'at great speed past a standing street car, beyond and behind which he could not see, and killed the man who was stepping out from behind the street car, because he was not able to sooner see him nor stop his car to prevent the injury.
We find no prejudicial error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.