211 F. Supp. 840

Steve BARCA v. MATSON NAVIGATION COMPANY.

No. Civ. A. 11543.

United States District Court E. D. Louisiana.

Nov. 7, 1962.

Fritz Windhorst, C. Cyril Broussard, New Orleans, La., for plaintiff.

W. Eugene Davis, New Orleans, La., for defendant.

FRANK B. ELLIS, District Judge.

Plaintiff is a longshoreman injured aboard Matson Navigation Company’s ship the “SS HAWAIIAN TRAVELER”. He was employed by T. Smith & Sons. *841The accident happened on September 16, 1958. On September 15, 1961, he filed suit in this Court, under the general maritime law, seeking damages on the basis of the unseaworthiness of defendant’s vessel. Defendant now moves to dismiss the suit for laches.

Although brought on the law side of the court, the allegation of unseaworthiness requires the application of maritime law to this case. Pope & Talbot, Inc. v. Hawn, 346 U.S. 406, 74 S.Ct. 202, 98 L.Ed. 143; Garrett v. MooreMcCormack Co., 317 U.S. 239, 63 S.Ct. 246, 87 L.Ed. 239, and perforce the application of the doctrine of laches. See Seals v. States Marine Lines, Inc., E.D. La., 188 F.Supp. 398.

Although laches is fundamentally an equitable matter of time lapsed plus prejudice to the defendant. Point Landing, Inc. v. Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., 5 Cir., 261 F.2d 861, unhampered by mechanical application of any analogous statute of limitations. Gardner v. Panama R. Co., 342 U.S. 29, 72 S.Ct. 12, 96 L.Ed. 31, the development of the shifting burdens rule makes the question of reference to a particular statute of limitations of considerable importance. If the action is brought before the analogous statute of limitations has run, ordinarily it is presumed that laches does not bar the action. See Seals v. States Marine Lines, Inc., supra, 188 F.Supp. at 399 note 4. Where the action is brought after the analogous statute has run, plaintiff has the burden of showing excusable delay on his part and lack of prejudice to the defendant. McMahon v. Pan American World Airways, 5 Cir., 297 F.2d 268; Morales v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., 5 Cir., 208 F.2d 218. Moreover a presumption of prejudice to the defendant arises after passage of the analogous statutory period. Vega v. The Malula, 5 Cir., 291 F.2d 415. Consequently, although we are instructed to treat the analogous statute of limitations lightly in the final determination of laches vel non, the choice of the analogous statute presents crucial problems for the tardy plaintiff.

Since this court’s 1960 decision in Daniels v. States Marine Corporation of Delaware, E.D.La., 184 F.Supp. 815, see also Seals v. States Marine Lines, Inc., supra, this District has used the three-year period of the Jones Act as the analogous statute of limitations in unseaworthiness claims by longshoremen. Defendants now assert that the Fifth Circuit has tacitly overruled the Daniels case and asks this court to apply the Louisiana one-year prescription statute 1 to the case at bar in accordance with the alleged prevailing rule in this Circuit.

This Court is not quick to overrule doctrines long applied in this District. Neither Daniels nor Seals were tested on appeal. Yet, the legal basis for the Daniels rule has been seriously questioned and ultimately rejected in another District. Dawson v. Femley and Eger, E.D. Va., 196 F.Supp. 816. However, the District Judge who formulated the Daniels rule had an opportunity to review it within months of its original formulation and reached the same conclusion.

Defendant asserts that the Fifth Circuit’s decisions in Vega v. The Malula, supra, and Delgado v. The Malula, 5 Cir., 291 F.2d 420, haye made it clear that Daniels is no longer the rule in the Fifth Circuit. It cannot be denied that there is language in Vega and Delgado contrary to the Daniels rule.2 However, *842both those cases were brought more than four years after the injury and thus the precise question which prompted the Daniels rule was not presented to the Court. Moreover, the Court noted that neither case involved the presumptions stemming from the application of analogous statutes of limitations.

However, the Fifth Circuit has faced the question in another context in which questions of presumption of prejudice arose. While personal injury was not involved, the Fifth Circuit spoke in definitive terms concerning the question before this Court. In McMahon v. Pan American World Airways, supra, the Fifth Circuit applied the Florida one-year statute of limitations in an action for overtime wages in admiralty with the words:

“The Federal Court sitting in Admiralty will be guided in setting a time limit by the analogous statute of limitations of the state where the cause of action arose. Oroz v. American President Lines, Ltd., 259 F.2d 636, 639 (2 C.A., 1958) 3 Benedict on Admiralty, Sec. 463.”

The language could not be more clear. While this Court is not sitting in Admiralty, it is enforcing rights peculiar to Admiralty and the same rule applies in an unseaworthiness claim on the law side. If it be argued that the principle of Daniels was not involved in McMahon, it should be observed that the Fifth Circuit cited, as authority for its position, a Second Circuit case applying the analogous state statute of limitations in a longshoreman’s suit.3 Moreover, the Fifth Circuit states the rule without qualification of the type of case involved. If the policy considerations which gave rise to Daniels, and seriously questioned in Dawson, are to be made, they must be addressed to the Fifth Circuit. The combination of Vega, Delgado and McMahon leave little doubt as to the Fifth Circuit’s express opinion on the subject.4

In any event, this Court finds that it must apply the Louisiana one-year statute of limitations to the analogous statute for the purposes of establishing the burdens of proof in this case.5 Of course, this matter does not end there. It is still a matter of the equities as to whether *843plaintiff is barred by laches. The Fifth Circuit endorses the setting of a preliminary hearing on laches before trial and questions the determination of laches on the pleadings alone. Vega v. The Malula, supra, 291 F.2d at 416. Consequently, this court will set a hearing at an early date on the question of laches with the burden on plaintiff to excuse his delay and overcome the presumption that prejudice has accrued to defendant.

SO ORDERED.

Barca v. Matson Navigation Co.
211 F. Supp. 840

Case Details

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Barca v. Matson Navigation Co.
Decision Date
Nov 7, 1962
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211 F. Supp. 840

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United States

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