It appears by the record in this case that although a description of the locus in quo is set forth by the *216plaintiff in his declaration, the defendants have in addition to the general issue, entered the plea of liberum temementum, and in which they have set forth a description of the premises with the abuttals of the place in which they allege the. acts complained of were committed, and defend and justify them on the ground that it was not on the premises of the plaintiff, but on the premises of Mrs; McOomb, under whose authority they had a lawful right to do all they did there; and to this plea the plaintiff has replied and new assigned in his replication the same identical description set forth in the plea of the defendants, and on that, issue has been taken. But it is all a matter for the consideration of the jury; the plaintiff, however, must prove the material parts of the description last set forth by him with substantial accuracy, or he will not be entitled to recover.
Bates, for the defendants,
offered in evidence the deed to Martha McComb from Henry S. McOomb for the adjoining premises, executed on the 20th day of December 1868, also a deed to Henry 8. McOomb from John McDowell & wife for the same executed on the 6 th day of October 1853, also the will of Benjamin Boulden deceased, duly probated on the 14th day of December 1833, devising the residue of his real estate, of which the adjoining premises of the defendant in question then constituted a part, to be equally divided between nieces of his named in the devise, of whom McDowell’s wife was one, and also the record of a partition in Chancery and decree therein on the 16th day of Uovember 18c>2, of the real estate so devised to them, under and by virtue of which the premises last mentioned were assigned and allotted in severalty to McDowell and wife in her right, as the same had been described in the survey and plat returned in the proceeding in partition, and had been approved by that court. It appeared, however, by the survey and plat so returned into that court, that the premises as so assigned and allotted to them, were in the metes and bounds therein stated, *217described as bounded by a line of seventy feet and one sixteen hundredth of a foot on the south side of Shipley street, whilst by the deed to H. S. McComb from McDowell and wife, and also by the deed to Boulden, the testator, from the executors of John Ferris deceased, for the same, executed on the 15th day of December 1828, which was likewise put in evidence by the defendants, they were in the metes and bounds therein stated, described as bounded by a line of seventy one' feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot on the south side of Shipley Street. The defendants also proved that the old fence which existed before the new one was erected in 1856, stood precisely on the line on which the partition wall in question was erected in 1868.
contended that the plaintiff had not only established a good title to the locus in quo by an adverse possession of twenty years, at least, but that the defendants were concluded and estopped by the partition and decree in Chancery from asserting any claim or title to more than seventy feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot on the south side of Shipley Street, which would not include any portion of the narrow strip of land in dispute between the parties, and upon which the alleged trespass had. been committed, and asked the court to so instruct the jury.
Under the plea of liberum tenementum, if the defendant, Mrs. McComb, had proved a legal title to the locus in question,the defendants were entitled to a verdict, unless the plaintiff had clearly established an adverse possession of twenty years, at least, for in such case all the presumptions of law mere in favor of the legal title. Ang. on Lim. 404. And such adverse possession must have been exclusive, hostile to the right of ownership of the owners of the adjoining premises, and of all other persons, and must have been marked by a definite .and distinctly recognized boundary or limit in the meantime. Or if it appeared from the evidence that there was a mixed possession of it in the meanwhile, the law would adjudge *218the possession to have been in the party who had shown a a legal title to. it. Inskeep v. Shields et al. 4 Harr. 345. If prior to and up to the year 1856, when the new partition fence spoken of by the witnesses w;as erected, the respective holders of the adjoining lots in question were ignorant of the exact location of the line of division between them,and the plaintiff and those under whom he claims title, through inadvertency or ignorance of its true location, had included in his inclosure, or had in their sole and exclusive possession as part of their property or premises, any adjoining ground which in fact belonged to the owners of the adjoining premises during that time, and neither of the respective owners of the two lots were aware of it, such a holding would not constitute an adverse possession of it in contemplation of law, or in the legal sense of that term. Ang. on Lim. 413.
The discrepancy referred to between the deeds of Ferris’ executors to Bóulden and of McDowell and wife to H. S. McComb, and the decree in partition in the Court of Chancery, as to the length or extent of the line of the premises referred to in them, on the south side of Shipley Street, was not material, inasmuch as it was a mere matter of description in the deeds and in the survey and plat returned by the surveyor in the proceeding in Chancery, not essential to be strictly proved as stated in them, but which if erroneous, might be shown to be so, and might be corrected and reconciled like any other immaterial description by the weight and preponderance of the evidence produced in the case; and, therefore, the defendants were not estopped by the decree in that court to deny that the line of the premises in question extended but seventy feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot, instead of seventy one feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot on the south side of that street. 1. Greenl. Ev. sec. 26. n. 1. And such was particularly, the rule of law on the subject in this country. Estopplse by deeds or surveys do not apply to matters of description merely, because they are not supposed to have received the particular or deliberate *219attention of the parties to them, and much less could this matter of discrepancy between the plat and survey returned to that court and the deeds he had mentioned, be supposed to have received any notice or attention whatever from the Court of Chancery. But if the court should be of a contrary opinion on that point in the case, then the intervening strip of land of one foot or less in width, and on which the alleged trespass had been committed', was undisposed of and unaffected by the partition in Chancery, and still continued vested in common in the devisees named in the will of Boulden, of whom McDowell’s wife was one, and as they had by their deed conveyed to H. S. McComb all their right, title and estate in the premises devised to her by the testator, and he had in turn conveyed the same to his mother, Mrs. McComb, under whose authority and by whose orders and direction the partition wall in question had been erected, she was now, at least, seized as tenant in common of that portion of the premises with the remaining devisees of it under the will of the testator; and that if so, as such a co-tenant in common of it, she could not be liable for a trespass upon it at the suit of any one, and certainly not at the suit of the plaintiff.
If H. S. McComb or his mother, Mrs. McComb, never had any legal title to the strip of land in question, as they never had, if they were estopped as he believed they were by the partition and decree in Chancery from laying any claim to it, then no one act of aggression merely, or one simple entry and trespass committed upon it by either of them, such as the taking down of the old fence and attempting to erect another in the year 1856, could have the effect in law to interrupt or divest the plaintiff’s possession of it, or could constitute any interruption whatever of it. On the contrary, his adverse possession would remain continuous, notwithstanding such a temporary entry and trespass upon it, particularly, if the plaintiff opposed the entry and thereby prevented the erec*220tian of the fence upon it. Staguessant v. Tompkins, 9 Johns. 61. Clark v. Hill, 1 Harr. 335. He also contended, that under the facts and circumstances proved, the plaintiff was entitled to punitive or exemplary damages. Sed. on Dam. secs. 34. 38.
The Court,
charged the jury, that to entitle the plaintiff to recover in the action, they must he satisfied by the evidence before them that he was in the actual and exclusive possession of the loeusin quo, or the ground on which the partition wall in question was erected, at the time when it was erected; and as that constituted the trespass complained of,that it was committed by the defendants. As to the question,however, which had been raised in regard to the effect of the proceedings and decree in partition in the Court of Chancery under the devise in the will of Benjamin Boulden of his real estate to the devisees named in it, was a question of law for the decision of the court, and not for the decision of the jury, it was his duty to say to them that if they were satisfied from the evidence that John McDowell and wife, in right of his wife, as one of the devisees mentioned in it, were parties to that partition, and it appeared by the survey and plat returned to that court, and by the partition and decree made in that proceeding, that the house and lot which was afterward sold and conveyed by them to Henry S. McComb, and which was also afterward sold and conveyed by him to his mother, Mrs. Martha McComb, was thereby assigned and allotted in severalty to John McDowell and wife, by a line of seventy feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot, instead of seventy-one feet and one sixteen hundredths of a foot, on the south side of Shipley Street in the city of Wilmington, it would, in law conclude and estop alike McDowell and wife, Henry S.MbComb and Mrs. McComb, and all claiming or defending under them, or either of them, from setting up any claim or title to any other or longer line on the south side of Shipley street, as the boundary and extent *221of the same thereon, than is stated in the description of the metes and bounds of it in the record of the proceedings and partition in that court; notwithstanding the deed from John McDowell and wife to H. S. McOomb, calls for and describes it as a line of seventy -one feet and one sixteen hundreths of a foot, instead of seventy feet and one sixteen hundreths of a foot, on the south side of that- street, and also purports to convey, and does convey, all the right and title which they had at the time of the execution and delivery of it, in the real estate of Benjamin Boulden deceased, and his deed also calls for and conveys the same to his mother, Mrs McOomb. Because the proceeding referred to in that court, not only purports to be a complete partition of all the real estate devised in the last will and testament of Benjamin Boulden to all the devisees mentioned, but to ascertain and describe with certainty and correctness the metes and bounds of each and all ot the tracts of land, lots and premises embraced in it, so far as they are described and set forth in the record of it; and, therefore, the partition and decree in that court was final and conclusive as to that matter, in this action, and could not be controverted or called in question in this, or any other collateral proceeding or inquiry in regard to it. A partition in Chancery is a proceeding in rem upon the land itself for the purpose of dividing and assigning and alloting it by actual and certain metes and bounds in severalty among the parties respectively entitled to such a partition of it, if practicable, and is final and conclusive on the parties to it and their privies in estate, and, therefore, it cannot be contradicted or denied, much less altered or varied by any kind of proof in any collateral action,proceeding, or inquiry concerning it in any other court.
But we do not consider upon the facts proved that the trespass alleged and complained of was characterized by any thing that could entitle the plaintiff, if your verdict should be in bis favor, to recover' damages greater than were actually sustained by him according to the proof.
*222The counsel for the defendants requested the court to note that they would tender a bill of exceptions to the charge.
The plaintiff had a verdict.