327 So. 2d 641

L. C. SMITH v. LINCOLN PARISH POLICE JURY et al.

No. 12838.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

Feb. 9, 1976.

Rehearing Denied March 15, 1976.

*642Holloway, Baker, Culpepper & Brunson by William H. Baker, Bobby L. Culpep-per, John H. Helm, Jonesboro, for plaintiff-appellant.

Walker, Holstead & Smith by Hale M. Walker, O. L. Waltman, Jr., Ruston, for defendants-appellees.

Before PRICE, HALL and MARVIN, JJ-

MARVIN, Judge.

The lower court rejected plaintiff-appellant’s demands to enjoin the enforcement of and to declare unconstitutional ordinances adopted by the Lincoln Parish Police Jury pursuant to a local option election held in each of the five wards of the parish. We affirm.

Three propositions were presented to the electorate in each ward.1 Four of the wards voted “no” on all propositions. Prior to the effective date of the ordinance prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages containing more than 3.2 percent alcohol by weight in Ward One, which includes the City of Ruston, appellant held retail licenses permitting him to sell such beverages in Ruston.

On April 26, 1974, rehearings were denied in Sissons, the holding of which had the effect of invalidating local option ordinances which were adopted before 1948 either on a parish-wide basis or which prohibited the sale of beverages containing more than one-half percent alcohol.2

*643After Sissons, petitions calling for a local option election were circulated in the five wards of Lincoln Parish. These petitions, each containing the signatures of 25 percent or more of the electorate in the respective ward, were presented to the registrar of voters (R.S. 26:584) on various dates beginning May 30 and ending on June 14, 1974. After proper certification the petitions were presented to the police jury (R.S. 26:585) on July 2, 1974.

On August 13, 1974, the police jury adopted separate ordinances calling the local option election in each ward of the parish on October 8, 1974 (R.S. 26:586). The results in each ward were promulgated (R.S. 26:594), and in the four wards voting “no,” the sale of alcoholic beverages containing more than 3.2 percent alcohol by weight was prohibited by an ordinance enacted on October 22, 1974, for each of the four wards (R.S. 26:595). These ordinances became effective on November 17, 1974. On November 25, 1974, this suit followed.

Appellant contends the 1974 Legislature required four propositions to be placed on the ballot in local option elections (R.S. 26:587) and the subject election and resulting ordinances should be declared ultra vires because only three propositions were on the ballot (R.S. 26:590). The proposition as to beverages containing less than 3.2 percent alcohol by weight was not included on the ballot or in the paperwork procedures leading up to the election. This proposition we refer to as the “3.2 fourth proposition.” 3

Appellant also contends that Act 41 of 1974 expressly requires that the 3.2 fourth proposition be included on the petition as well as on the ballot by R.S. 26:583, 587. Nomey, cited supra, held unconstitutional several provisions of this act. We are now required to determine the effect of Nomey and the extent that the provisions of the act not declared unconstitutional remain effective after Nomey.

Act 41 attempted to authorize parish-wide local option elections in twelve parishes4 and to require in those twelve parishes, the 3.2 fourth proposition to be included on the ballot. In the remaining parishes, Act 41 required that only the three propositions appear on the petition and ballot.

Nomey nullified the provisions of Act 41 which were incorporated into the Revised Statutes relating to:

(a) parish-wide elections (R.S. 26:582, 592);
(b) the attempt to revive or preserve the pre-1948 local option elections and ordinances and to legislatively overrule the effect of Sissons (the proviso of R.S. 26:588) and
(c) the requirement that the 3.2 fourth proposition be contained on the petition and the ballot in the twelve parishes. (R.S. 26:583, 587).

Nomey held that the particular provisions of Act 41 which required propositions or procedures for the twelve named parishes as distinguished from all other parishes, were contrary to the constitutional prohibition againist the enactment of “special” laws. See Louisiana Constitution Art. IV, § 4 (1921) and Louisiana Constitution Art. III, § 12 (1974). Nomey, supra, 315 So.2d 713-714. Nomey left in ef*644fect the provisions of Act 41 which apply to all parishes of the state and those provisions of Title 26 as they existed prior to Act 41 of 1974 pertaining to the three propositions which are required to be on the petition and the ballot.5 Nomey expressly stated that those portions of Act 41 which were not special in nature were excluded from the courts’ declaration of unconstitutionality. 315 So.2d 714.

The petitions presented to the jury before the effective date of the 1974 legislation were in accord with R.S. 26:583 (Act 372 of 1948) and were also in accord with Act 41 of 1974, before or after the Nomey decision, because Lincoln Parish was not one of the twelve parishes in which the 3.2 fourth proposition was required to be on the petition. The call of the election by the police jury and the ballot, after the effective date of the 1974 legislation, were also in accord with R.S. 26:587 before or after the Nomey case was decided.

Appellant contends that the Lincoln Parish Police Jury was legally bound to follow Act 41 as writtten because it had not yet been declared unconstitutional in part by Nomey when the jury acted with respect to declaring the propositions and calling of the election. There is authority that acts done and resulting consequences under a law subsequently declared unconstitutional become vested so that the general rule of absolute retroactive invalidity cannot be declared.

“As a general rule, all acts done under an unconstitutional law are void and of no effect. * * * ”
Due to the fact that situations may arise resulting from transactions and acts performed under an unconstitutional statute, whereby the parties involved are placed in positions where it would be most unequitable to follow the general rule that an unconstitutional statute was void ab initio and without any legal effect whatsoever, or where it was impossible for the court to undo what had transpired under an unconstitutional statute and to restore the parties to some reasonable position, the courts have recognized exceptions to the rule as a matter of public policy or necessity in such instances. Flournoy v. First Nat. Bank of Shreveport, 197 La. 1067, 3 So.2d 244, 249 (1941).

The circumstances here do not warrant declaring an exception to the general rule because appellant acquired no vested rights by reason of the passage of Act 41. Appellant asserts no position of reliance on the statute, which by its own terms, albeit unconstitutional, did not include Lincoln Parish as one of the twelve parishes which ostensibly were required to have to 3.2 fourth proposition on the petition and ballot. Appellant’s contention in this respect is unfounded.

We follow the declaration in Nomey and consider only the effect of Act 41 after Nomey and withhold comment on other local option legislation enacted in 1974.

At appellant’s cost, the judgment below is

Affirmed.

Smith v. Lincoln Parish Police Jury
327 So. 2d 641

Case Details

Name
Smith v. Lincoln Parish Police Jury
Decision Date
Feb 9, 1976
Citations

327 So. 2d 641

Jurisdiction
Louisiana

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