This action was brought by the plaintiff, as widow of one Arthur C. Phillips, to recover the amount of an insurance upon the life of said Phillips, alleged to have become due upon a policy issued by the defendants payable to. the plaintiff.
In July, 1887, the said Phillips had signed an application for an insurance, and in connection therewith made certain statements and representations which by the terms of the agreement he warranted to be full, complete and true, and that if any of them should in any respect be untrue, the policy which might be issued upon the application should be void. This application contained certain other provisions upon which questions have been raised upon this appeal, but which it is not necessary for us to consider in view of the conclusion to which we have come in reference to questions raised as to the breach of warranty.
Various questions were contained in this application inquiring as to whether the applicant had had any of various diseases or complaints therein named, or was subject or predisposed to various diseases therein named, to all of which he answered “ No,” .He was also asked the name and residence of his usual medical attendant -His answer was: “Dr. Lewis H. Sayre.” He was *637further interrogated as to when and for what his services had been required, and his answer was “ Family.” The printed blank contained this question: “Have you consulted any other medical man; if so, when and for what ? ” which does not appear to have been answered. The policy of insurance upon which this action is founded was issued upon this application. It provided that “ if any of the statements or representations made in the application for this policy shall be found in any respect untrue, then, and in every such case, this policy shall be null and void, and all payments previously made shall be forfeited to the company, and no action or right of action shall remain to, or be maintained against, this company by the assured or any other person by virtue of this policy.”
After the death of the insured proofs of death were furnished to the company on behalf of the plaintiff as required by the policy.
In answer to the question as to the name and address of every physician who attended the deceased within a year prior to his death, the plaintiff answered: “Philip M. Wood, Jamaica, H. Y, and J. M. Schley, 1 East Forty-second street, Hew York.” Annexed to the statement made by the plaintiff was a statement signed by the said Dr. Wood pursuant to the requirements of the policy. In this statement Dr. Wood asserted that he had been the medical attendant and adviser of the deceased for one year.
The plaintiff was called as a witness on her own behalf and was asked whether Dr. Sayre had attended her as her family physician, and her answer was:
“ Well,.no; I should never call him my family physician. He has attended me several times. I do not remember if he attended Mr. Phillips in his lifetime. I do not remember that Mr. Phillips ever called upon Dr. Sayre or that Dr. Sayre attended him, except that he vaccinated us. So far as I know, Dr. Sayre had not attended him within a year prior to the issuing of this policy. My knowledge extends back for a year before. He had not attended him to my knowledge. I know that he had not. I do not know as to two years.
“I know Dr. Philip H. Wood of Jamaica. He had attended me during 1887 as a family physician. He had attended and prescribed for my husband during 1887. I could not say positively what .portion of the year. It was in July, and before that, but I do not remember the month. It was in July and subsequently, but I think not in August. I do not remember how many times he attended him in July. He called occasionally.
“ Dr. Sayre did attend me and my husband and family for very slight occasions. I never considered him my family physician; I have been to him for very slight ailments. He was known to me and my husband very well. Dr. Wood was my mother’s family physician.”
So that it appeared from the evidence of the plaintiff that Dr. Sayre was not the family physician of the deceased, and that Dr. Wood, prior to the time of the application for this policy, was his medical attendant.
*638It was claimed upon the trial, upon the part of the defendant, that this showed a breach of warranty in reference to the questions which have been hereinbefore stated, and the court so held, and dismissed the complaint, and a motion having been made for a new trial and denied, from the judgment thereupon entered and from the order denying a new trial, this appeal is taken.
Upon the point which has been suggested for discussion, the principal argument upon the part of the appellant is that the affidavit of Dr. Wood was inadmissible as evidence against the plaintiff.
It is undoubtedly true that Dr. Wood could not, directly or indirectly, give evidence as to facts which he had learned as the family physician of the deceased; and if the statement made by him was to be treated as a declaration of his, it was necessarily excluded as being contrary to" the provisions of the Code in respect to knowledge obtained by physicians in the course of their practice. But this was not necessarily received as a declaration of Dr. Wood. But it was received as a statement upon the part of the plaintiff to the company of facts which have been sworn to by Dr. Wood. The plaintiff presented this proof of loss in accordance with the requirements of the tehns of the polic}'", and she has declared, by the presentation of this claim, these to be the facts and these to be the answers which Dr. Wood has made to these questions; and they are to be treated as declarations upon the part of the plaintiff which are to be received as evidence against her prima facie, but which are not necessarily conclusive.
This seems to be the view taken by the.U. S. supreme court in the case of the Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. v. Newton, 22 Wall., 32; Same v. Higginbotham, 95 U. S., 380.
In that case, the parties sought to except from the evidence introduced upon the trial the affidavit of Dr. White, the physician who attended the deceased in his last illness, and the court required that the proofs of loss should be put in as an entirety; that is, that all the papers containing the preliminary proofs should be put in evidence, including the affidavit of Dr. White. This ruling was held to be correct. The theory upon which they were received was that these papers, being presented under the name of the assured and constituting the essential preliminaries to her action, they must stand as her acts, and the representations made therein must be taken as true, until at least some mistake is shown to have occurred in respect to them.
The case of Goldschmidt v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 102 N. Y., 486; 2 N. Y. State Rep., 421, in no way conflicts with this view, because the statement as to the coroner’s inquest in that case formed no-part of the necessary proofs of death, as such proofs - were in all respects complete without this statement, and the statements therein contained were neither sworn to nor presented as worthy of belief. Upon the contrary their truthfulness was expressly denied, and for this reason it was held that the principles laid down in the case of th& Mutual Ins. Co. v. Newton, above cited, in noway conflict with the conclusion at which the court had arrived^
*639The question then arises whether it was shown that there has been a breach of the warranty.
The assured represented to the insurance company in his application that the name and residence of his usual medical attendant was Dr. Sayre, and that his services had been required for his family.
As to the question which remained unanswered, it seems to me that this case must be treated as though that question were not contained in the application, no answer having been made thereto. It was not embraced within the terms of the warranty, and the question of the breach of the warranty is to be governed by the questions which have been asked and answered, and not by those which it is presumed have not been asked and therefore not answered.
The evidence shows that for a year prior to the death of the deceased, which occurred less than three months from the time of the application for the policy, Dr. Wood had been his medical attendant, and that Dr. Sayre had not attended him during • these periods, and that according to the testimony of the plaintiff Dr. Sayre was not their family physician.
Under these circumstances it would appear that there had been a direct and complete breach of warranty, and that nothing was left for the court to do except to dismiss the complaint.
The claim that the answer that Dr. Sayre was the family physician was not responsive, because the question calls for the date and for what the services were required, does not seem to meet the question. The witness had been asked who his usual medical attendant was, and he said “Dr. Sayre.” Then he was asked when and for what his services had been required, and he answered, for his family; which involved the implied assertion that such services had not been required at all for himself, and that he considered him his usual medical attendant, having had no occasion for a physician for himself, Dr. Sayre had attended his family.
It is urged that there is no evidence that the plaintiff or deceased ever regarded Dr. Wood as their family physician, or that he was their family physician. That may be entirely true, but the evidence shows conclusively that Dr. Sayre was not the usual medical attendant of/the deceased.
It appears that the only physician he had had for a long period of time anterior to the issuing of the policy had been Dr. Wood, and there is no evidence that Dr. Sayre had been accustomed to prescribe for the deceased so that he became his usual medical attendant, and that Dr. Wood was merely an occasional visitant. There was no ground whatever upon which the jury could possibly find that Dr. Sayre, under such circumstances, was the usual medical attendant of the deceased. The proof in the case had raised a presumption of a different kind, and it would require further evidence than was introduced on the part of the plaintiff to show that Dr. Sayre could be considered by anybody as the usual medical attendant of the deceased, in view of the fact that the only physician who was shown to be in attendance upon him was Dr. Wood.
*640In the discussion of this case it seems to us that the question as to whether Dr. Wood or Dr. Sayre was the family physician of the deceased is a side issue, and. has very little to do with the breach of this warranty. It is the first question which has come up for discussion which is the crucial point in respect to the breach of warranty. The deceased had represented that Dr. Sayre was his usual medical attendant, while the evidence shows: that his only medical attendant, certainly for a year prior to his-death, was Dr. Wood, and there is no evidence at all that Dr. Sayre ever attended him. It is idle to say that under these circumstances a jury might find in the face of the proof that Dr. Sayre was his medical attendant when it did not appear that Dr. Sayre had ever attended him, and it did appear that other persons had been his physicians.
It is not a question as to what the deceased considered. His views cannot change the fact If Dr. Jones is attending a person, and that person says that he considered Dr. Smith, who never attended him, his usual medical attendant, that did not make him such. It would appear from the evidence of the-plaintiff that Dr. Sayre had not been his usual medical attendant, and that other physicians were' the persons who had been accustomed to attend the deceased.
Under these circumstances it seems to us that the court was right in dismissing the complaint, that there was a plain breach of warranty, and that the jury should not have been allowed to find a verdict as against this weight of evidence.
The other questions raised it does not seem necessary to consider, as' the point discussed seems to be fatal to the right of recovery, and fully authorized the court to dismiss the complaint.
The judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
Daniels, J., concurs.