The opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was instituted jointly by Kupfersmith as owner, and Weinberger and Kelsey as mortgagees, to recover a fire loss against which the defendant had assured the plaintiffs as owner and mortgagees, the contract of the mortgagees, as alleged in the declaration being the ordinary standard mortgagee clause attached to the policy issued to the owner. To a joint declaration filed in the cause the defendant demurred upon the ground that the action could not be maintained by the plaintiffs jointly, because their right of action rested upon separate and different contracts, and also that the declaration did not set out a cause of action in favor of either of the mortgagees. The demurrer was sustained, the declaration clearly showing that neither of the mortgagees had set out a cause of action, and therefore no joint right to recover was exhibited in the declaration. Weinberger v. Agricultural Insurance Co., 51 Vroom 202.
An application being made to this court at the November term, 1910, by the plaintiffs for leave to sever and to allow each to file a declaration setting out his separate cause of action, the court directed the plaintiffs to submit copies of the proposed declarations which has recently been done. As this application is addressed to the discretion of the court, we should look at the record proposed to be amended, and the *129writ upon which the several proposed actions are to be based. The writ brings the defendant into court to answer to a ¡joint action in favor of the plaintiffs, hut the defendant having, by filing its demurrer, entered a general appearance, cannot now complain that it is not properly in court, and, consequently, subject to any lawful order the court may make either as to striking out parties or directing a severance. That a severance may be ordered after a demurrer to a joint action by husband and wife for injuries to the wife was held by this court, in Davis v. Public Service Corporation, 48 Vroom 275, but that result was justified by section 21 of the Practice act (Pamph. L. 1903, p. 540), which permits the consolidation of actions of that character, Mr. Justice Swayae saying: “We see no reason why where a joint action is brought by virtue of the statutory permission, the court may not, if convenience demands, order the two causes separated.” But the court will not consolidate two actions against the same defendant brought by the same plaintiff where the defence is not fhc same in each suit. Worley v. Glentworth, 5 Holst. 241. I think it quite clear that if instead of tire present action two had been commenced, one by the owner and the other by the mortgagees, the court would not have ordered them consolidated, so a severance could not be supported for the reason given in the Davis case, supra. Whether two or more plaintiffs having separate and distinct contracts with a single defendant may jointly issue a summons, and after bringing the defendant into court he permitted to separately set up their particular causes of action, if there be no statute which directly or infcrentially allows it, is to say the least doubtful, but the disposition of the present motion does not require consideration of this question, for, in my opinion, the proposed amendments by Weinberger and Kelsey, even if severance be allowed, present the same situation as was condemned in disposing of the demurrer above mentioned. The separate declaration which the plaintiff Kelsey proposes to file avers that Kupfersmith was insured as owner hv the defendant by a written policy, a copy of which is annexed to and made a part of the declaration, and that the defendant also agreed to pay to one Charles Schlageter, as *130first mortgagee, ancl Clarence Kelsey, one of the plaintiffs, as second mortgagee, the sum of $750 as tlieir interests may appear. Bearing in mind that this is the same contract of insurance upon which the joint plaintiffs originally declared and which, when spread upon the record oar the argument of the demurrer above referred to, this court adjudged did not show any contract with Kelsejq the logical result of the amendment would be a second demand of oyer and a demurrer thus presenting the precise case we have already disposed of •during the orderly proceedings in this cause. We have irow before us the contract upon which Kelsey proposes to declare, aaad we have said it is not a sufficient contract to maintain, his action against the defendant, therefore the question which it is expected to present by the amendment is res judicata. It would be an abuse of our discretion to permit one plaintiff, who we have solemnly said had aaot shown a right of action oaa facts declared jointly with others, to separately set them up in an amended declaration as a support to a right of action already adjudged not to exist under them.
The motion to allow the plaintiff Kelsey to amend by filing a separate declaration of the character proposed should be denied, aird I will next consider the motion añade in behalf of Weinberger.
In disposing of the demurrer this court decided that Schlageter had no insaarable interest in the property wheoa the buildings were burned, having previously assigned his mortgage, which, by subsequent .transfers, came to Weinberger, one of the plaintiffs, and therefore his assignment of the policy to Weinbea-gea-, after the fire had destroyed the buildings on the mortgaged preanises, passed nothing to Man, aaad as that was the only evidence of his right to aoay interest in the policy, the facts set up did not show a right of action against the defendant, and the deaaaurrer was sustained. He oaow moves to amend by charging that the defendant, with other insurance companies, employed counsel to procure from Schlageter an assignanent- of his mortgage, aaad of all interest ioa certain policies of iarsurance issued by other companies than the defendant, naming them, to he made to the American Mortgage *131Company; that at that time the said counsel took from Scldageter an assignment of his interest in said policies; that the property was destroyed by tire; that the American Mortgage Company, acting under the instructions of defendant, assigned the mortgage to one Condict, with all interest in said policies, “by an assignment not in writing,” and as evidence thereof transferred to Condict a receipt for a policy issued by one of said insurance companies; that Condict, acting under the directions of defendant, assigned the mortgage to Clarence Kelsey, logethcr with all his interest in any policies of insurance on the promises, and that the counsel employed by defendant represented to said Kelsey that the assignment “carried with it any and all the right and interest originally held by the said Charles Schlageter in said policies of insurance,” and that subsequently Kelsey assigned all the interest he had in the policies to Weinberger. Giving'this statement all the legal effect if is entitled to, it does not charge that the contract made with Schlageter by the defendant was ever assigned by Schlageter, or that the defendant company consented to any assignment. Certain policies of other companies are said to have been assigned, bid not that of defendant, which was a contract to pay loss to Schlageter as mortgagee and did not extend to his assignees. It was a personal contract which Schlageter coulcl not assign, at least not without such consent. lienee this amended declaration sets out no cause of action, and a? the plaintiff should not be allowed to amend without showing a right of action, the -filing of this amended declaration is denied.
With regard to the amendment proposed by Knpfersmiih, I think it should bo allowed. The sustaining of flic demurrer, and the refusal to amend as to the two mortgagees, leaves Kupfersmith as the only parry to the record able to proceed, and the defendant cannot be embarrassed in pleading to Ins declaration. The argument advanced against this amendment, than the question likely to arise in this ease has been disposed of in another action, is not sound, for it cannot he assumed that the .proof will be the same in both eases. There was also a motion to allow the filing of an amended *132declaration jointly by the owner, and one of the mortgagees claiming under standard mortgagee clause, but manifestly this cannot he allowed. Martin v. Franklin Fire Insurance Co., 9 Vroom 140.
The motion to amend is allowed as to Kupfersmith and denied as to Weinberger and Kelsey, with costs to the prevailing parties on each motion.